Integrand size = 43, antiderivative size = 54 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {(-1+k) x}{1+2 \sqrt {k} x+k x^2+\sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right )}{-1+k} \]
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Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 95, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.76, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.186, Rules used = {1976, 1755, 12, 1261, 738, 210, 1712, 209} \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {(1-k) \left (k x^2+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {k} \sqrt {k^2 x^4-\left (k^2+1\right ) x^2+1}}\right )}{1-k}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {(1-k) x}{\sqrt {k^2 x^4+\left (-k^2-1\right ) x^2+1}}\right )}{1-k} \]
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Rule 12
Rule 209
Rule 210
Rule 738
Rule 1261
Rule 1712
Rule 1755
Rule 1976
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}} \, dx \\ & = \int \frac {2 \sqrt {k} x}{\left (1-k x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}} \, dx+\int \frac {-1-k x^2}{\left (1-k x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}} \, dx \\ & = \left (2 \sqrt {k}\right ) \int \frac {x}{\left (1-k x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}} \, dx-\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\left (-1+2 k-k^2\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {(1-k) x}{\sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right )}{1-k}+\sqrt {k} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{(1-k x) \sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x+k^2 x^2}} \, dx,x,x^2\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {(1-k) x}{\sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right )}{1-k}-\left (2 \sqrt {k}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{8 k^2+4 k \left (-1-k^2\right )-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {1-2 k+k^2+(1-k)^2 k x^2}{\sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {(1-k) x}{\sqrt {1+\left (-1-k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right )}{1-k}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {(1-k) \left (1+k x^2\right )}{2 \sqrt {k} \sqrt {1-\left (1+k^2\right ) x^2+k^2 x^4}}\right )}{1-k} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 4 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 4.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 151, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.80 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {-1+x^2} \sqrt {-1+k^2 x^2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+k^2 x^2}}{\sqrt {k} \sqrt {-1+x^2}}\right )+(-1+k) \sqrt {1-x^2} \sqrt {1-k^2 x^2} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin (x),k^2\right )-2 (-1+k) \sqrt {1-x^2} \sqrt {1-k^2 x^2} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (k,\arcsin (x),k^2\right )}{(-1+k) \sqrt {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \left (-1+k^2 x^2\right )}} \]
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Time = 1.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 85, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.57
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\ln \left (2\right )+\ln \left (\frac {\sqrt {-\left (-1+k \right )^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}-2 k^{\frac {3}{2}} x^{2}-2 \sqrt {k}+\left (-k^{2}-2 k -1\right ) x}{1+2 \sqrt {k}\, x +k \,x^{2}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\left (-1+k \right )^{2}}}\) | \(85\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {\left (-1+\sqrt {k}\, x \right ) \sqrt {k \left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}\, \left (k \,x^{2}-1\right ) \left (\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-2 k^{2}+4 k -2+\left (-k^{3}+2 k^{2}-k \right ) \left (x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}\right )+2 \sqrt {-\left (-1+k \right )^{2}}\, \sqrt {k^{3} \left (x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}\right )^{2}+\left (-k^{3}+2 k^{2}-k \right ) \left (x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}\right )-k^{2}+2 k -1}}{x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\left (-1+k \right )^{2}}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\left (-x^{2}+1\right ) \left (-k^{2} x^{2}+1\right )}}{x \left (-1+k \right )}\right )}{-1+k}\right )}{\left (1+\sqrt {k}\, x \right ) \left (-\sqrt {k \left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}\, k \,x^{2}+2 k x \sqrt {\left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}-\sqrt {k \left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}\right )}\) | \(268\) |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {-x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {-k^{2} x^{2}+1}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (x , k\right )}{\sqrt {k^{2} x^{4}-k^{2} x^{2}-x^{2}+1}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {k \left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}\, \left (k \,x^{2}-1\right ) \left (-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-2 k^{2}+4 k -2+\left (-k^{3}+2 k^{2}-k \right ) \left (x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}\right )+2 \sqrt {-\left (-1+k \right )^{2}}\, \sqrt {k^{3} \left (x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}\right )^{2}+\left (-k^{3}+2 k^{2}-k \right ) \left (x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}\right )-k^{2}+2 k -1}}{x^{2}-\frac {1}{k}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-\left (-1+k \right )^{2}}}+\frac {\sqrt {-x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {-k^{2} x^{2}+1}\, \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (x , k , k\right )}{\sqrt {k^{2} x^{4}-k^{2} x^{2}-x^{2}+1}}\right )}{\left (1+\sqrt {k}\, x \right ) \left (k x \sqrt {\left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}-\sqrt {k \left (x^{2}-1\right ) \left (k^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}\right )}\) | \(301\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 100 vs. \(2 (49) = 98\).
Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 100, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.85 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {k^{2} x^{4} - {\left (k^{2} + 1\right )} x^{2} + 1} {\left ({\left (k^{3} + k^{2} - k - 1\right )} x - 2 \, {\left ({\left (k^{2} - k\right )} x^{2} + k - 1\right )} \sqrt {k}\right )}}{4 \, k^{3} x^{4} - {\left (k^{4} + 4 \, k^{3} - 2 \, k^{2} + 4 \, k + 1\right )} x^{2} + 4 \, k}\right )}{k - 1} \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {k} x - 1}{\sqrt {\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (k x - 1\right ) \left (k x + 1\right )} \left (\sqrt {k} x + 1\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {k} x - 1}{\sqrt {{\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}} {\left (\sqrt {k} x + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {k} x - 1}{\sqrt {{\left (k^{2} x^{2} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}} {\left (\sqrt {k} x + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {k} x}{\left (1+\sqrt {k} x\right ) \sqrt {\left (1-x^2\right ) \left (1-k^2 x^2\right )}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {k}\,x-1}{\left (\sqrt {k}\,x+1\right )\,\sqrt {\left (x^2-1\right )\,\left (k^2\,x^2-1\right )}} \,d x \]
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