Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 63 \[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{8} (-1+4 x) \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {3}{16} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}\right )-\frac {3}{16} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 122, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.94, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.615, Rules used = {2029, 2049, 2057, 65, 246, 218, 212, 209} \[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {3 (x-1)^{3/4} x^{9/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{x-1}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{16 \left (x^4-x^3\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {3 (x-1)^{3/4} x^{9/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{x-1}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{16 \left (x^4-x^3\right )^{3/4}}+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} x-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{x^4-x^3} \]
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Rule 65
Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 218
Rule 246
Rule 2029
Rule 2049
Rule 2057
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {1}{8} \int \frac {x^3}{\left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {3}{32} \int \frac {x^2}{\left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {\left (3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4}\right ) \int \frac {1}{(-1+x)^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{x}} \, dx}{32 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \\ & = -\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {\left (3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+x}\right )}{8 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \\ & = -\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {\left (3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{8 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \\ & = -\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {\left (3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{16 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {\left (3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{16 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \\ & = -\frac {1}{8} \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}+\frac {1}{2} x \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4}-\frac {3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{16 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}}-\frac {3 (-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{-1+x}}{\sqrt [4]{x}}\right )}{16 \left (-x^3+x^4\right )^{3/4}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 75, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19 \[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\frac {(-1+x)^{3/4} x^{9/4} \left (2 \sqrt [4]{-1+x} x^{3/4} (-1+4 x)+3 \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{\frac {-1+x}{x}}}\right )-3 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{\frac {-1+x}{x}}}\right )\right )}{16 \left ((-1+x) x^3\right )^{3/4}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.35 (sec) , antiderivative size = 27, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.43
method | result | size |
meijerg | \(\frac {4 \operatorname {signum}\left (x -1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{\frac {7}{4}} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [-\frac {1}{4}, \frac {7}{4}\right ], \left [\frac {11}{4}\right ], x\right )}{7 \left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(27\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {x^{6} \left (16 \left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x +3 \ln \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-x}{x}\right )-6 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right )-3 \ln \left (\frac {\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+x}{x}\right )-4 \left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{32 {\left (\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-x \right )}^{2} \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{3} \left (x -1\right )}\right )^{2} {\left (\left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+x \right )}^{2}}\) | \(127\) |
trager | \(\left (-\frac {1}{8}+\frac {x}{2}\right ) \left (x^{4}-x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-\frac {3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{4}-x^{3}}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x -2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{3}+2 \left (x^{4}-x^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}-2 x^{2} \left (x^{4}-x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{2}}{x^{2}}\right )}{32}-\frac {3 \ln \left (\frac {2 \left (x^{4}-x^{3}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}+2 \sqrt {x^{4}-x^{3}}\, x +2 x^{2} \left (x^{4}-x^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+2 x^{3}-x^{2}}{x^{2}}\right )}{32}\) | \(164\) |
risch | \(\frac {\left (-1+4 x \right ) \left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{8}+\frac {\left (\frac {3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x -2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{3}+2 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}-2 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )-2 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2}+5 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x^{2}+4 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x -4 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right ) x -2 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+1\right )}{\left (x -1\right )^{2}}\right )}{32}+\frac {3 \ln \left (\frac {2 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}-2 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x}\, x +2 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{2}-2 x^{3}+2 \sqrt {x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x}-4 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x +5 x^{2}+2 \left (x^{4}-3 x^{3}+3 x^{2}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-4 x +1}{\left (x -1\right )^{2}}\right )}{32}\right ) \left (x^{3} \left (x -1\right )\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (x \left (x -1\right )^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x \left (x -1\right )}\) | \(397\) |
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Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 80, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.27 \[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{8} \, {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (4 \, x - 1\right )} - \frac {3}{16} \, \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) - \frac {3}{32} \, \log \left (\frac {x + {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) + \frac {3}{32} \, \log \left (-\frac {x - {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}\right ) \]
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\[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\int \sqrt [4]{x^{4} - x^{3}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\int { {\left (x^{4} - x^{3}\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08 \[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{8} \, {\left ({\left (-\frac {1}{x} + 1\right )}^{\frac {5}{4}} + 3 \, {\left (-\frac {1}{x} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )} x^{2} - \frac {3}{16} \, \arctan \left ({\left (-\frac {1}{x} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {3}{32} \, \log \left ({\left (-\frac {1}{x} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 1\right ) + \frac {3}{32} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (-\frac {1}{x} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - 1 \right |}\right ) \]
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Time = 5.88 (sec) , antiderivative size = 27, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.43 \[ \int \sqrt [4]{-x^3+x^4} \, dx=\frac {4\,x\,{\left (x^4-x^3\right )}^{1/4}\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (-\frac {1}{4},\frac {7}{4};\ \frac {11}{4};\ x\right )}{7\,{\left (1-x\right )}^{1/4}} \]
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