Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 67 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}} \]
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Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 67, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.353, Rules used = {1418, 390, 385, 218, 212, 209} \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4+1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{x^4+1}} \]
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Rule 209
Rule 212
Rule 218
Rule 385
Rule 390
Rule 1418
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^4\right ) \left (1+x^4\right )^{5/4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1+2 x^4} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}-\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2} x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 67, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {x}{2 \sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{2}} \]
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Time = 6.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 84, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.25
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {-2 \arctan \left (\frac {2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{2 x}\right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+\ln \left (\frac {2^{\frac {1}{4}} x +\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{-2^{\frac {1}{4}} x +\left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}+8 x}{16 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\) | \(84\) |
risch | \(-\frac {x}{2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{3} x^{2}+2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2} x^{3}+3 x^{4} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )+4 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )}{\left (x -1\right ) \left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{16}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right ) \ln \left (\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2} x^{2}+2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2} x^{3}-3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right ) x^{4}-4 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right )}{\left (x -1\right ) \left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{16}\) | \(237\) |
trager | \(-\frac {x}{2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2} x^{2}-2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2} x^{3}-3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right ) x^{4}+4 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2}\right )}{\left (x -1\right ) \left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{16}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {\sqrt {x^{4}+1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{3} x^{2}+2 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )^{2} x^{3}+3 x^{4} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )+4 \left (x^{4}+1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8\right )}{\left (x -1\right ) \left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}+1\right )}\right )}{16}\) | \(238\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 3.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 312, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.66 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} + 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{4} + 1\right )} + 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (-i \, x^{4} - i\right )} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 4 i \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 i \, x^{4} + i\right )} - 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (i \, x^{4} + i\right )} \log \left (-\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 4 i \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (-3 i \, x^{4} - i\right )} - 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} - 4 \cdot 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} - 2^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{4} + 1\right )} + 4 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{x^{4} - 1}\right ) + 16 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x}{32 \, {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right ) \left (x^{4} + 1\right )^{\frac {5}{4}}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (x^{8} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (x^{8} - 1\right )} {\left (x^{4} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{1+x^4} \left (-1+x^8\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{{\left (x^4+1\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (x^8-1\right )} \,d x \]
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