Optimal. Leaf size=115 \[ -\frac {a c (1+a x) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}-a^3 c^{3/2} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {a \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}\right )+a^3 c^{3/2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.20, antiderivative size = 115, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 9, number of rules used = 9, integrand size = 27, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {6286, 1821,
825, 858, 223, 209, 272, 65, 214} \begin {gather*} -\frac {a c (a x+1) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}+a^3 \left (-c^{3/2}\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {a \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}\right )+a^3 c^{3/2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 65
Rule 209
Rule 214
Rule 223
Rule 272
Rule 825
Rule 858
Rule 1821
Rule 6286
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {e^{2 \tanh ^{-1}(a x)} \left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{x^4} \, dx &=c \int \frac {(1+a x)^2 \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^4} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {\left (-6 a c-3 a^2 c x\right ) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^3} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {a c (1+a x) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}+\frac {\int \frac {-12 a^3 c^3-12 a^4 c^3 x}{x \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}} \, dx}{12 c}\\ &=-\frac {a c (1+a x) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}-\left (a^3 c^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}} \, dx-\left (a^4 c^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {a c (1+a x) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}-\frac {1}{2} \left (a^3 c^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {c-a^2 c x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )-\left (a^4 c^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+a^2 c x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}\right )\\ &=-\frac {a c (1+a x) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}-a^3 c^{3/2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {a \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}\right )+(a c) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{a^2}-\frac {x^2}{a^2 c}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}\right )\\ &=-\frac {a c (1+a x) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{x^2}-\frac {\left (c-a^2 c x^2\right )^{3/2}}{3 x^3}-a^3 c^{3/2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {a \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}\right )+a^3 c^{3/2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.10, size = 127, normalized size = 1.10 \begin {gather*} -\frac {c \left (1+3 a x+2 a^2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{3 x^3}+a^3 c^{3/2} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {a x \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}}{\sqrt {c} \left (-1+a^2 x^2\right )}\right )-a^3 c^{3/2} \log (x)+a^3 c^{3/2} \log \left (c+\sqrt {c} \sqrt {c-a^2 c x^2}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(433\) vs.
\(2(97)=194\).
time = 0.07, size = 434, normalized size = 3.77
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (2 a^{4} x^{4}+3 a^{3} x^{3}-a^{2} x^{2}-3 a x -1\right ) c^{2}}{3 x^{3} \sqrt {-c \left (a^{2} x^{2}-1\right )}}-\left (\frac {a^{4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c \,a^{2}}\, x}{\sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}}\right )}{\sqrt {c \,a^{2}}}-\frac {a^{3} \ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right )}{\sqrt {c}}\right ) c^{2}\) | \(129\) |
default | \(\frac {4 a^{2} \left (-\frac {\left (-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {5}{2}}}{c x}-4 a^{2} \left (\frac {x \left (-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{4}+\frac {3 c \left (\frac {x \sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}}{2}+\frac {c \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c \,a^{2}}\, x}{\sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c \,a^{2}}}\right )}{4}\right )\right )}{3}-\frac {\left (-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {5}{2}}}{3 c \,x^{3}}+2 a^{3} \left (\frac {\left (-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{3}+c \left (\sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}-\sqrt {c}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right )\right )\right )-2 a^{3} \left (\frac {\left (-c \,a^{2} \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )^{2}-2 c a \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{3}-a c \left (-\frac {\left (-2 a^{2} c \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )-2 a c \right ) \sqrt {-c \,a^{2} \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )^{2}-2 c a \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )}}{4 a^{2} c}+\frac {c \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c \,a^{2}}\, x}{\sqrt {-c \,a^{2} \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )^{2}-2 c a \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c \,a^{2}}}\right )\right )+2 a \left (-\frac {\left (-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {5}{2}}}{2 c \,x^{2}}-\frac {3 a^{2} \left (\frac {\left (-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{3}+c \left (\sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}-\sqrt {c}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {-a^{2} c \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right )\right )\right )}{2}\right )\) | \(434\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.36, size = 265, normalized size = 2.30 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {6 \, a^{3} c^{\frac {3}{2}} x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c} a \sqrt {c} x}{a^{2} c x^{2} - c}\right ) + 3 \, a^{3} c^{\frac {3}{2}} x^{3} \log \left (-\frac {a^{2} c x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c} \sqrt {c} - 2 \, c}{x^{2}}\right ) - 2 \, {\left (2 \, a^{2} c x^{2} + 3 \, a c x + c\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}}{6 \, x^{3}}, \frac {6 \, a^{3} \sqrt {-c} c x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c} \sqrt {-c}}{a^{2} c x^{2} - c}\right ) + 3 \, a^{3} \sqrt {-c} c x^{3} \log \left (2 \, a^{2} c x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c} a \sqrt {-c} x - c\right ) - 2 \, {\left (2 \, a^{2} c x^{2} + 3 \, a c x + c\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}}{6 \, x^{3}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 8.00, size = 359, normalized size = 3.12 \begin {gather*} a^{2} c \left (\begin {cases} - \frac {i a^{2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {a^{2} x^{2} - 1}} + i a \sqrt {c} \operatorname {acosh}{\left (a x \right )} + \frac {i \sqrt {c}}{x \sqrt {a^{2} x^{2} - 1}} & \text {for}\: \left |{a^{2} x^{2}}\right | > 1 \\\frac {a^{2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {- a^{2} x^{2} + 1}} - a \sqrt {c} \operatorname {asin}{\left (a x \right )} - \frac {\sqrt {c}}{x \sqrt {- a^{2} x^{2} + 1}} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases}\right ) + 2 a c \left (\begin {cases} \frac {a^{2} \sqrt {c} \operatorname {acosh}{\left (\frac {1}{a x} \right )}}{2} + \frac {a \sqrt {c}}{2 x \sqrt {-1 + \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}} - \frac {\sqrt {c}}{2 a x^{3} \sqrt {-1 + \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}} & \text {for}\: \frac {1}{\left |{a^{2} x^{2}}\right |} > 1 \\- \frac {i a^{2} \sqrt {c} \operatorname {asin}{\left (\frac {1}{a x} \right )}}{2} - \frac {i a \sqrt {c} \sqrt {1 - \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}}{2 x} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases}\right ) + c \left (\begin {cases} \frac {a^{3} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {-1 + \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}}{3} - \frac {a \sqrt {c} \sqrt {-1 + \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}}{3 x^{2}} & \text {for}\: \frac {1}{\left |{a^{2} x^{2}}\right |} > 1 \\\frac {i a^{3} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {1 - \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}}{3} - \frac {i a \sqrt {c} \sqrt {1 - \frac {1}{a^{2} x^{2}}}}{3 x^{2}} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 259 vs.
\(2 (97) = 194\).
time = 0.43, size = 259, normalized size = 2.25 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \, a^{3} c^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} c} x - \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}}{\sqrt {-c}}\right )}{\sqrt {-c}} - \frac {a^{4} \sqrt {-c} c \log \left ({\left | -\sqrt {-a^{2} c} x + \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c} \right |}\right )}{{\left | a \right |}} - \frac {2 \, {\left (3 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} c} x - \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}\right )}^{5} a^{3} c^{2} {\left | a \right |} + 6 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} c} x - \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}\right )}^{2} a^{4} \sqrt {-c} c^{3} - 3 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} c} x - \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}\right )} a^{3} c^{4} {\left | a \right |} - 2 \, a^{4} \sqrt {-c} c^{4}\right )}}{3 \, {\left ({\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} c} x - \sqrt {-a^{2} c x^{2} + c}\right )}^{2} - c\right )}^{3} {\left | a \right |}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {{\left (c-a^2\,c\,x^2\right )}^{3/2}\,{\left (a\,x+1\right )}^2}{x^4\,\left (a^2\,x^2-1\right )} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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