Integrand size = 6, antiderivative size = 98 \[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}+\frac {\arctan \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}+\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+\tan (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+\tan (x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}} \]
1/2*arctan(-1+2^(1/2)*tan(x)^(1/2))*2^(1/2)+1/2*arctan(1+2^(1/2)*tan(x)^(1 /2))*2^(1/2)+1/4*ln(1-2^(1/2)*tan(x)^(1/2)+tan(x))*2^(1/2)-1/4*ln(1+2^(1/2 )*tan(x)^(1/2)+tan(x))*2^(1/2)
Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 40, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.41 \[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=\frac {\left (\arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{-\tan ^2(x)}\right )-\text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt [4]{-\tan ^2(x)}\right )\right ) \sqrt [4]{-\tan (x)}}{\sqrt [4]{\tan (x)}} \]
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 110, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.12, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.833, Rules used = {3042, 3957, 266, 826, 1476, 1082, 217, 1479, 25, 27, 1103}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \sqrt {\tan (x)}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3957 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sqrt {\tan (x)}}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\tan (x)\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 266 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \int \frac {\tan (x)}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 826 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\tan (x)+1}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-\tan (x)}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1476 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{\tan (x)-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{\tan (x)+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-\tan (x)}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1082 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\tan (x)-1}d\left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\tan (x)-1}d\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-\tan (x)}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-\tan (x)}{\tan ^2(x)+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1479 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\int -\frac {\sqrt {2}-2 \sqrt {\tan (x)}}{\tan (x)-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}}{2 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\int -\frac {\sqrt {2} \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\tan (x)+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}}{2 \sqrt {2}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\right )\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {2}-2 \sqrt {\tan (x)}}{\tan (x)-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {2} \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\tan (x)+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}}{2 \sqrt {2}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\right )\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {2}-2 \sqrt {\tan (x)}}{\tan (x)-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}{\tan (x)+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1}d\sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\right )\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1103 |
\(\displaystyle 2 \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\log \left (\tan (x)-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\log \left (\tan (x)+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan (x)}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}\right )\right )\) |
2*((-(ArcTan[1 - Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Tan[x]]]/Sqrt[2]) + ArcTan[1 + Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[ Tan[x]]]/Sqrt[2])/2 + (Log[1 - Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Tan[x]] + Tan[x]]/(2*Sqrt[2]) - Log[1 + Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[Tan[x]] + Tan[x]]/(2*Sqrt[2]))/2)
3.4.97.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = De nominator[m]}, Simp[k/c Subst[Int[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*(a + b*(x^(2*k)/c^2)) ^p, x], x, (c*x)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && FractionQ[m] && I ntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
Int[(x_)^2/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[a/b, 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[a/b, 2]]}, Simp[1/(2*s) Int[(r + s*x^2)/(a + b*x^ 4), x], x] - Simp[1/(2*s) Int[(r - s*x^2)/(a + b*x^4), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{ a, b}, x] && (GtQ[a/b, 0] || (PosQ[a/b] && AtomQ[SplitProduct[SumBaseQ, a]] && AtomQ[SplitProduct[SumBaseQ, b]]))
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*S implify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Simp[-2/b Subst[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b )], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] || !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x + c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[ 2*(d/e), 2]}, Simp[e/(2*c) Int[1/Simp[d/e + q*x + x^2, x], x], x] + Simp[ e/(2*c) Int[1/Simp[d/e - q*x + x^2, x], x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && PosQ[d*e]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[ -2*(d/e), 2]}, Simp[e/(2*c*q) Int[(q - 2*x)/Simp[d/e + q*x - x^2, x], x], x] + Simp[e/(2*c*q) Int[(q + 2*x)/Simp[d/e - q*x - x^2, x], x], x]] /; F reeQ[{a, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && NegQ[d*e]
Int[((b_.)*tan[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[b/d Subst[Int [x^n/(b^2 + x^2), x], x, b*Tan[c + d*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d, n}, x] && !IntegerQ[n]
Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 49, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.50
method | result | size |
lookup | \(\frac {\left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right ) \cos \left (x \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arccos \left (\cos \left (x \right )-\sin \left (x \right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\cos \left (x \right ) \sin \left (x \right )}}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\cos \left (x \right )+\sqrt {2}\, \left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right ) \cos \left (x \right )+\sin \left (x \right )\right )}{2}\) | \(49\) |
default | \(\frac {\left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right ) \cos \left (x \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arccos \left (\cos \left (x \right )-\sin \left (x \right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\cos \left (x \right ) \sin \left (x \right )}}-\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \ln \left (\cos \left (x \right )+\sqrt {2}\, \left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right ) \cos \left (x \right )+\sin \left (x \right )\right )}{2}\) | \(49\) |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {1-\sqrt {2}\, \left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right )+\tan \left (x \right )}{1+\sqrt {2}\, \left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right )+\tan \left (x \right )}\right )+2 \arctan \left (1+\sqrt {2}\, \left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right )\right )+2 \arctan \left (-1+\sqrt {2}\, \left (\sqrt {\tan }\left (x \right )\right )\right )\right )}{4}\) | \(62\) |
1/2*tan(x)^(1/2)/(cos(x)*sin(x))^(1/2)*cos(x)*2^(1/2)*arccos(cos(x)-sin(x) )-1/2*2^(1/2)*ln(cos(x)+2^(1/2)*tan(x)^(1/2)*cos(x)+sin(x))
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 73, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.74 \[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=\left (\frac {1}{4} i - \frac {1}{4}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right ) - \left (\frac {1}{4} i + \frac {1}{4}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{4} i + \frac {1}{4}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right ) - \left (\frac {1}{4} i - \frac {1}{4}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right ) \]
(1/4*I - 1/4)*sqrt(2)*log((I + 1)*sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x))) - (1/4*I + 1/4 )*sqrt(2)*log(-(I - 1)*sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x))) + (1/4*I + 1/4)*sqrt(2)*l og((I - 1)*sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x))) - (1/4*I - 1/4)*sqrt(2)*log(-(I + 1)* sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x)))
\[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=\int \sqrt {\tan {\left (x \right )}}\, dx \]
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 80, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.82 \[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} - 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )} + \tan \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )} + \tan \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) \]
1/2*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x)))) + 1/2*sqrt(2)*a rctan(-1/2*sqrt(2)*(sqrt(2) - 2*sqrt(tan(x)))) - 1/4*sqrt(2)*log(sqrt(2)*s qrt(tan(x)) + tan(x) + 1) + 1/4*sqrt(2)*log(-sqrt(2)*sqrt(tan(x)) + tan(x) + 1)
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 80, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.82 \[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} + 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} - 2 \, \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )}\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )} + \tan \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\tan \left (x\right )} + \tan \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) \]
1/2*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(sqrt(2) + 2*sqrt(tan(x)))) + 1/2*sqrt(2)*a rctan(-1/2*sqrt(2)*(sqrt(2) - 2*sqrt(tan(x)))) - 1/4*sqrt(2)*log(sqrt(2)*s qrt(tan(x)) + tan(x) + 1) + 1/4*sqrt(2)*log(-sqrt(2)*sqrt(tan(x)) + tan(x) + 1)
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 65, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.66 \[ \int \sqrt {\tan (x)} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2}\,\left (\ln \left (\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}-\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )-1\right )-\ln \left (\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )+\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}+1\right )\right )}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,\left (\mathrm {atan}\left (\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}-1\right )+\mathrm {atan}\left (\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\mathrm {tan}\left (x\right )}+1\right )\right )}{2} \]