Integrand size = 22, antiderivative size = 139 \[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {2}{9} (e+2 f) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(1+x)^2}{3 \sqrt {1+x^3}}\right )+\frac {2 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} (e-f) (1+x) \sqrt {\frac {1-x+x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}\right ),-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \sqrt {1+x^3}} \]
2/9*(e+2*f)*arctanh(1/3*(1+x)^2/(x^3+1)^(1/2))+2/9*(e-f)*(1+x)*EllipticF(( 1+x-3^(1/2))/(1+x+3^(1/2)),I*3^(1/2)+2*I)*(1/2*6^(1/2)+1/2*2^(1/2))*((x^2- x+1)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)*3^(3/4)/(x^3+1)^(1/2)/((1+x)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^ (1/2)
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 20.40 (sec) , antiderivative size = 273, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.96 \[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {\frac {2}{3}} \sqrt {-\frac {i (1+x)}{-3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \left (-3 i f \sqrt {i+\sqrt {3}-2 i x} \left (-i-\sqrt {3}+\left (-i+\sqrt {3}\right ) x\right ) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}+2 i x}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3}}\right ),\frac {2 \sqrt {3}}{-3 i+\sqrt {3}}\right )+2 \sqrt {3} (e+2 f) \sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}+2 i x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}+2 i x}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3}}\right ),\frac {2 \sqrt {3}}{-3 i+\sqrt {3}}\right )\right )}{\left (3 i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {-i+\sqrt {3}+2 i x} \sqrt {1+x^3}} \]
(2*Sqrt[2/3]*Sqrt[((-I)*(1 + x))/(-3*I + Sqrt[3])]*((-3*I)*f*Sqrt[I + Sqrt [3] - (2*I)*x]*(-I - Sqrt[3] + (-I + Sqrt[3])*x)*EllipticF[ArcSin[Sqrt[-I + Sqrt[3] + (2*I)*x]/(Sqrt[2]*3^(1/4))], (2*Sqrt[3])/(-3*I + Sqrt[3])] + 2 *Sqrt[3]*(e + 2*f)*Sqrt[-I + Sqrt[3] + (2*I)*x]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2]*Elliptic Pi[(2*Sqrt[3])/(3*I + Sqrt[3]), ArcSin[Sqrt[-I + Sqrt[3] + (2*I)*x]/(Sqrt[ 2]*3^(1/4))], (2*Sqrt[3])/(-3*I + Sqrt[3])]))/((3*I + Sqrt[3])*Sqrt[-I + S qrt[3] + (2*I)*x]*Sqrt[1 + x^3])
Time = 0.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 139, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.227, Rules used = {2564, 27, 759, 2563, 219}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {x^3+1}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2564 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{3} (e-f) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^3+1}}dx+\frac {1}{6} (e+2 f) \int \frac {2 (x+1)}{(2-x) \sqrt {x^3+1}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{3} (e-f) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^3+1}}dx+\frac {1}{3} (e+2 f) \int \frac {x+1}{(2-x) \sqrt {x^3+1}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 759 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{3} (e+2 f) \int \frac {x+1}{(2-x) \sqrt {x^3+1}}dx+\frac {2 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} (x+1) \sqrt {\frac {x^2-x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} (e-f) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {x-\sqrt {3}+1}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3+1}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2563 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2}{3} (e+2 f) \int \frac {1}{9-\frac {(x+1)^4}{x^3+1}}d\frac {(x+1)^2}{\sqrt {x^3+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} (x+1) \sqrt {\frac {x^2-x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} (e-f) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {x-\sqrt {3}+1}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3+1}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 219 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} (x+1) \sqrt {\frac {x^2-x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} (e-f) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {x-\sqrt {3}+1}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{3 \sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3+1}}+\frac {2}{9} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(x+1)^2}{3 \sqrt {x^3+1}}\right ) (e+2 f)\) |
(2*(e + 2*f)*ArcTanh[(1 + x)^2/(3*Sqrt[1 + x^3])])/9 + (2*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3] ]*(e - f)*(1 + x)*Sqrt[(1 - x + x^2)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*EllipticF[ArcSin [(1 - Sqrt[3] + x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]])/(3*3^(1/4)*Sqrt[(1 + x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*Sqrt[1 + x^3])
3.1.83.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]))* ArcTanh[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (Gt Q[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s *x + r^2*x^2)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(3^(1/4)*r*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[s* ((s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] & & PosQ[a]
Int[((e_) + (f_.)*(x_))/(((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))*Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3]), x_ Symbol] :> Simp[-2*(e/d) Subst[Int[1/(9 - a*x^2), x], x, (1 + f*(x/e))^2/ Sqrt[a + b*x^3]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[d*e - c*f, 0] & & EqQ[b*c^3 + 8*a*d^3, 0] && EqQ[2*d*e + c*f, 0]
Int[((e_.) + (f_.)*(x_))/(((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))*Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3]), x _Symbol] :> Simp[(2*d*e + c*f)/(3*c*d) Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x], x] + Si mp[(d*e - c*f)/(3*c*d) Int[(c - 2*d*x)/((c + d*x)*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]), x], x ] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[d*e - c*f, 0] && (EqQ[b*c^3 - 4*a* d^3, 0] || EqQ[b*c^3 + 8*a*d^3, 0]) && NeQ[2*d*e + c*f, 0]
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 245 vs. \(2 (114 ) = 228\).
Time = 0.95 (sec) , antiderivative size = 246, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.77
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {2 f \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}+\frac {2 \left (e +2 f \right ) \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{6}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{3}+1}}\) | \(246\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {2 f \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}-\frac {2 \left (-e -2 f \right ) \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{6}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{3}+1}}\) | \(248\) |
-2*f*(3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2))*((x+1)/(3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((x-1/2-1/2*I*3 ^(1/2))/(-3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((x-1/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2))/(-3/2+1/2*I*3^( 1/2)))^(1/2)/(x^3+1)^(1/2)*EllipticF(((x+1)/(3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2),((- 3/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2))/(-3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2))+2/3*(e+2*f)*(3/2-1/2*I*3^( 1/2))*((x+1)/(3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((x-1/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2))/(-3/2-1/2*I *3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((x-1/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2))/(-3/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)/(x^3+1 )^(1/2)*EllipticPi(((x+1)/(3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2),1/2-1/6*I*3^(1/2),((- 3/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2))/(-3/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2))
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 61, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.44 \[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {1}{9} \, {\left (e + 2 \, f\right )} \log \left (\frac {x^{3} + 12 \, x^{2} + 6 \, \sqrt {x^{3} + 1} {\left (x + 1\right )} - 6 \, x + 10}{x^{3} - 6 \, x^{2} + 12 \, x - 8}\right ) + \frac {2}{3} \, {\left (e - f\right )} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (0, -4, x\right ) \]
1/9*(e + 2*f)*log((x^3 + 12*x^2 + 6*sqrt(x^3 + 1)*(x + 1) - 6*x + 10)/(x^3 - 6*x^2 + 12*x - 8)) + 2/3*(e - f)*weierstrassPInverse(0, -4, x)
\[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=- \int \frac {e}{x \sqrt {x^{3} + 1} - 2 \sqrt {x^{3} + 1}}\, dx - \int \frac {f x}{x \sqrt {x^{3} + 1} - 2 \sqrt {x^{3} + 1}}\, dx \]
-Integral(e/(x*sqrt(x**3 + 1) - 2*sqrt(x**3 + 1)), x) - Integral(f*x/(x*sq rt(x**3 + 1) - 2*sqrt(x**3 + 1)), x)
\[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { -\frac {f x + e}{\sqrt {x^{3} + 1} {\left (x - 2\right )}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { -\frac {f x + e}{\sqrt {x^{3} + 1} {\left (x - 2\right )}} \,d x } \]
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 327, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.35 \[ \int \frac {e+f x}{(2-x) \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {2\,\left (\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\left (e+2\,f\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {\frac {1}{2}-x+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\Pi \left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6};\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )}{3\,\sqrt {x^3+\left (-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )-1\right )\,x-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )}}-\frac {2\,f\,\left (\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\sqrt {\frac {x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {\frac {1}{2}-x+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\mathrm {F}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^3+\left (-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )-1\right )\,x-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )}} \]
(2*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)*((x + (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/ 2))^(1/2)*(e + 2*f)*((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*(((3^(1/2)*1i)/ 2 - x + 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*ellipticPi((3^(1/2)*1i)/6 + 1/2 , asin(((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)), -((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)/(( 3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2)))/(3*(x^3 - x*(((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2) + 1) - ((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2))^(1/2)) - (2* f*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)*((x + (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2 ))^(1/2)*((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*(((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - x + 1/2 )/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*ellipticF(asin(((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)), -((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2)))/(x^3 - x*(( (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2) + 1) - ((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2) *((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2))^(1/2)