Integrand size = 25, antiderivative size = 94 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (6+x^4\right )}{42 x^7}-\frac {3^{3/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {3^{3/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}} \]
1/42*(x^4-1)^(3/4)*(x^4+6)/x^7-1/16*3^(3/4)*arctan(1/2*3^(1/4)*x*2^(1/2)/( x^4-1)^(1/4))*2^(1/2)-1/16*3^(3/4)*arctanh(1/2*3^(1/4)*x*2^(1/2)/(x^4-1)^( 1/4))*2^(1/2)
Time = 0.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 94, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=\frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (6+x^4\right )}{42 x^7}-\frac {3^{3/4} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {3^{3/4} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+x^4}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2}} \]
((-1 + x^4)^(3/4)*(6 + x^4))/(42*x^7) - (3^(3/4)*ArcTan[(3^(1/4)*x)/(Sqrt[ 2]*(-1 + x^4)^(1/4))])/(8*Sqrt[2]) - (3^(3/4)*ArcTanh[(3^(1/4)*x)/(Sqrt[2] *(-1 + x^4)^(1/4))])/(8*Sqrt[2])
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 115, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.22, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.320, Rules used = {1050, 27, 1053, 27, 902, 756, 216, 219}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4} \left (x^4+4\right )}{x^8 \left (x^4-4\right )} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1050 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}-\frac {1}{28} \int -\frac {4 \left (2-11 x^4\right )}{x^4 \left (4-x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \int \frac {2-11 x^4}{x^4 \left (4-x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}dx+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1053 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {1}{12} \int -\frac {126}{\left (4-x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}dx+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{6 x^3}\right )+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{6 x^3}-\frac {21}{2} \int \frac {1}{\left (4-x^4\right ) \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}dx\right )+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 902 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{6 x^3}-\frac {21}{2} \int \frac {1}{4-\frac {3 x^4}{x^4-1}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 756 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{6 x^3}-\frac {21}{2} \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{2-\frac {\sqrt {3} x^2}{\sqrt {x^4-1}}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {3} x^2}{\sqrt {x^4-1}}+2}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )\right )+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 216 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{6 x^3}-\frac {21}{2} \left (\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{2-\frac {\sqrt {3} x^2}{\sqrt {x^4-1}}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3}}\right )\right )+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 219 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{7} \left (\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{6 x^3}-\frac {21}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} x}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{x^4-1}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3}}\right )\right )+\frac {\left (x^4-1\right )^{3/4}}{7 x^7}\) |
(-1 + x^4)^(3/4)/(7*x^7) + ((-1 + x^4)^(3/4)/(6*x^3) - (21*(ArcTan[(3^(1/4 )*x)/(Sqrt[2]*(-1 + x^4)^(1/4))]/(4*Sqrt[2]*3^(1/4)) + ArcTanh[(3^(1/4)*x) /(Sqrt[2]*(-1 + x^4)^(1/4))]/(4*Sqrt[2]*3^(1/4))))/2)/7
3.13.99.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]))*A rcTan[Rt[b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a , 0] || GtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]))* ArcTanh[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (Gt Q[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-a/b, 2 ]], s = Denominator[Rt[-a/b, 2]]}, Simp[r/(2*a) Int[1/(r - s*x^2), x], x] + Simp[r/(2*a) Int[1/(r + s*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && !GtQ[a /b, 0]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_)/((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> Su bst[Int[1/(c - (b*c - a*d)*x^n), x], x, x/(a + b*x^n)^(1/n)] /; FreeQ[{a, b , c, d}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && EqQ[n*p + 1, 0] && IntegerQ[n]
Int[((g_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_.)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_ ))^(q_.)*((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[e*(g*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b *x^n)^(p + 1)*((c + d*x^n)^q/(a*g*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[1/(a*g^n*(m + 1)) Int[(g*x)^(m + n)*(a + b*x^n)^p*(c + d*x^n)^(q - 1)*Simp[c*(b*e - a*f)*(m + 1) + e*n*(b*c*(p + 1) + a*d*q) + d*((b*e - a*f)*(m + 1) + b*e*n*(p + q + 1 ))*x^n, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && G tQ[q, 0] && LtQ[m, -1] && !(EqQ[q, 1] && SimplerQ[e + f*x^n, c + d*x^n])
Int[((g_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_.)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_ ))^(q_.)*((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[e*(g*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b *x^n)^(p + 1)*((c + d*x^n)^(q + 1)/(a*c*g*(m + 1))), x] + Simp[1/(a*c*g^n*( m + 1)) Int[(g*x)^(m + n)*(a + b*x^n)^p*(c + d*x^n)^q*Simp[a*f*c*(m + 1) - e*(b*c + a*d)*(m + n + 1) - e*n*(b*c*p + a*d*q) - b*e*d*(m + n*(p + q + 2 ) + 1)*x^n, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, p, q}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[m, -1]
Time = 14.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 110, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.17
| method | result | size |
| pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {42 \arctan \left (\frac {3^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{3 x}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, 3^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{7}-21 \ln \left (\frac {-\sqrt {2}\, 3^{\frac {1}{4}} x -2 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{\sqrt {2}\, 3^{\frac {1}{4}} x -2 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, 3^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{7}+16 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{4}+96 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{672 x^{7}}\) | \(110\) |
| trager | \(\frac {\left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{4}+6\right )}{42 x^{7}}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, x^{2}+6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}-21 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right ) x^{4}-72 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right )}{\left (x^{2}-2\right ) \left (x^{2}+2\right )}\right )}{32}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right ) \ln \left (\frac {2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{3} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, x^{2}+6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}+21 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right ) x^{4}+72 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )}{\left (x^{2}-2\right ) \left (x^{2}+2\right )}\right )}{32}\) | \(242\) |
| risch | \(\frac {x^{8}+5 x^{4}-6}{42 x^{7} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right ) \ln \left (\frac {2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, x^{2}-6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}-21 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right ) x^{4}+72 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x +12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}+\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2}\right )}{\left (x^{2}-2\right ) \left (x^{2}+2\right )}\right )}{32}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{3} \sqrt {x^{4}-1}\, x^{2}+6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )^{2} \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3}+21 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right ) x^{4}+72 \left (x^{4}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x -12 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}-108\right )}{\left (x^{2}-2\right ) \left (x^{2}+2\right )}\right )}{32}\) | \(247\) |
1/672*(42*arctan(1/3*3^(3/4)/x*2^(1/2)*(x^4-1)^(1/4))*2^(1/2)*3^(3/4)*x^7- 21*ln((-2^(1/2)*3^(1/4)*x-2*(x^4-1)^(1/4))/(2^(1/2)*3^(1/4)*x-2*(x^4-1)^(1 /4)))*2^(1/2)*3^(3/4)*x^7+16*(x^4-1)^(3/4)*x^4+96*(x^4-1)^(3/4))/x^7
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 3.75 (sec) , antiderivative size = 340, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.62 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=-\frac {21 \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} x^{7} \log \left (\frac {2 \, {\left (4 \cdot 27^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} + 36 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 3 \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} {\left (7 \, x^{4} - 4\right )} + 72 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x\right )}}{x^{4} - 4}\right ) - 21 \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} x^{7} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, {\left (4 \cdot 27^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} - 36 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 3 \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} {\left (7 \, x^{4} - 4\right )} - 72 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x\right )}}{x^{4} - 4}\right ) + 21 i \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} x^{7} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, {\left (4 i \cdot 27^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} + 36 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 3 \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} {\left (-7 i \, x^{4} + 4 i\right )} - 72 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x\right )}}{x^{4} - 4}\right ) - 21 i \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} x^{7} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, {\left (-4 i \cdot 27^{\frac {3}{4}} \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} - 1} x^{2} + 36 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x^{3} + 3 \cdot 27^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2} {\left (7 i \, x^{4} - 4 i\right )} - 72 \, {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x\right )}}{x^{4} - 4}\right ) - 32 \, {\left (x^{4} + 6\right )} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{1344 \, x^{7}} \]
-1/1344*(21*27^(1/4)*sqrt(2)*x^7*log(2*(4*27^(3/4)*sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 - 1)*x ^2 + 36*sqrt(3)*(x^4 - 1)^(1/4)*x^3 + 3*27^(1/4)*sqrt(2)*(7*x^4 - 4) + 72* (x^4 - 1)^(3/4)*x)/(x^4 - 4)) - 21*27^(1/4)*sqrt(2)*x^7*log(-2*(4*27^(3/4) *sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 - 1)*x^2 - 36*sqrt(3)*(x^4 - 1)^(1/4)*x^3 + 3*27^(1/4)*s qrt(2)*(7*x^4 - 4) - 72*(x^4 - 1)^(3/4)*x)/(x^4 - 4)) + 21*I*27^(1/4)*sqrt (2)*x^7*log(-2*(4*I*27^(3/4)*sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 - 1)*x^2 + 36*sqrt(3)*(x^4 - 1)^(1/4)*x^3 + 3*27^(1/4)*sqrt(2)*(-7*I*x^4 + 4*I) - 72*(x^4 - 1)^(3/4)*x )/(x^4 - 4)) - 21*I*27^(1/4)*sqrt(2)*x^7*log(-2*(-4*I*27^(3/4)*sqrt(2)*sqr t(x^4 - 1)*x^2 + 36*sqrt(3)*(x^4 - 1)^(1/4)*x^3 + 3*27^(1/4)*sqrt(2)*(7*I* x^4 - 4*I) - 72*(x^4 - 1)^(3/4)*x)/(x^4 - 4)) - 32*(x^4 + 6)*(x^4 - 1)^(3/ 4))/x^7
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {\left (\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + 1\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} \left (x^{2} - 2 x + 2\right ) \left (x^{2} + 2 x + 2\right )}{x^{8} \left (x^{2} - 2\right ) \left (x^{2} + 2\right )}\, dx \]
Integral(((x - 1)*(x + 1)*(x**2 + 1))**(3/4)*(x**2 - 2*x + 2)*(x**2 + 2*x + 2)/(x**8*(x**2 - 2)*(x**2 + 2)), x)
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{4} + 4\right )} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{{\left (x^{4} - 4\right )} x^{8}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{4} + 4\right )} {\left (x^{4} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{{\left (x^{4} - 4\right )} x^{8}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (4+x^4\right )}{x^8 \left (-4+x^4\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {{\left (x^4-1\right )}^{3/4}\,\left (x^4+4\right )}{x^8\,\left (x^4-4\right )} \,d x \]