Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 106 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=-\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{2 x}-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}\right )+\frac {1}{4} \log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}+\left (-x+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right ) \]
-3/2*(x^3-x)^(1/3)/x-1/2*arctan(3^(1/2)*x/(x+2*(x^3-x)^(1/3)))*3^(1/2)-1/2 *ln(-x+(x^3-x)^(1/3))+1/4*ln(x^2+x*(x^3-x)^(1/3)+(x^3-x)^(2/3))
Time = 0.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 142, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.34 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=-\frac {\left (-1+x^2\right )^{2/3} \left (6 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^2}+2 \sqrt {3} x^{2/3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x^{2/3}}{x^{2/3}+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^2}}\right )+2 x^{2/3} \log \left (-x^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^2}\right )-x^{2/3} \log \left (x^{4/3}+x^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{-1+x^2}+\left (-1+x^2\right )^{2/3}\right )\right )}{4 \left (x \left (-1+x^2\right )\right )^{2/3}} \]
-1/4*((-1 + x^2)^(2/3)*(6*(-1 + x^2)^(1/3) + 2*Sqrt[3]*x^(2/3)*ArcTan[(Sqr t[3]*x^(2/3))/(x^(2/3) + 2*(-1 + x^2)^(1/3))] + 2*x^(2/3)*Log[-x^(2/3) + ( -1 + x^2)^(1/3)] - x^(2/3)*Log[x^(4/3) + x^(2/3)*(-1 + x^2)^(1/3) + (-1 + x^2)^(2/3)]))/(x*(-1 + x^2))^(2/3)
Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 99, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.93, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {1926, 1938, 266, 807, 853}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{x^3-x}}{x^2} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1926 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {x}{\left (x^3-x\right )^{2/3}}dx-\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{x^3-x}}{2 x}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1938 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {x^{2/3} \left (x^2-1\right )^{2/3} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{x}}{\left (x^2-1\right )^{2/3}}dx}{\left (x^3-x\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{x^3-x}}{2 x}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 266 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {3 x^{2/3} \left (x^2-1\right )^{2/3} \int \frac {x}{\left (x^2-1\right )^{2/3}}d\sqrt [3]{x}}{\left (x^3-x\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{x^3-x}}{2 x}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 807 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {3 x^{2/3} \left (x^2-1\right )^{2/3} \int \frac {x^{2/3}}{(x-1)^{2/3}}dx^{2/3}}{2 \left (x^3-x\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{x^3-x}}{2 x}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 853 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {3 x^{2/3} \left (x^2-1\right )^{2/3} \left (-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 x^{2/3}}{\sqrt [3]{x-1}}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (x^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{x-1}\right )\right )}{2 \left (x^3-x\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {3 \sqrt [3]{x^3-x}}{2 x}\) |
(-3*(-x + x^3)^(1/3))/(2*x) + (3*x^(2/3)*(-1 + x^2)^(2/3)*(-(ArcTan[(1 + ( 2*x^(2/3))/(-1 + x)^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]]/Sqrt[3]) - Log[-(-1 + x)^(1/3) + x^(2/ 3)]/2))/(2*(-x + x^3)^(2/3))
3.16.28.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = De nominator[m]}, Simp[k/c Subst[Int[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*(a + b*(x^(2*k)/c^2)) ^p, x], x, (c*x)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && FractionQ[m] && I ntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = GCD[m + 1, n]}, Simp[1/k Subst[Int[x^((m + 1)/k - 1)*(a + b*x^(n/k))^p, x], x, x^k], x] /; k != 1] /; FreeQ[{a, b, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && IntegerQ[m]
Int[(x_)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(2/3), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b, 3]}, Sim p[-ArcTan[(1 + 2*q*(x/(a + b*x^3)^(1/3)))/Sqrt[3]]/(Sqrt[3]*q^2), x] - Simp [Log[q*x - (a + b*x^3)^(1/3)]/(2*q^2), x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_.)*(x_)^(j_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_.))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x)^(m + 1)*((a*x^j + b*x^n)^p/(c*(m + j*p + 1))), x] - Simp[b*p *((n - j)/(c^n*(m + j*p + 1))) Int[(c*x)^(m + n)*(a*x^j + b*x^n)^(p - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && !IntegerQ[p] && LtQ[0, j, n] && (Integer sQ[j, n] || GtQ[c, 0]) && GtQ[p, 0] && LtQ[m + j*p + 1, 0]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_.)*(x_)^(j_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_.))^(p_), x_Symbol ] :> Simp[c^IntPart[m]*(c*x)^FracPart[m]*((a*x^j + b*x^n)^FracPart[p]/(x^(F racPart[m] + j*FracPart[p])*(a + b*x^(n - j))^FracPart[p])) Int[x^(m + j* p)*(a + b*x^(n - j))^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, j, m, n, p}, x] && !Inte gerQ[p] && NeQ[n, j] && PosQ[n - j]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.97 (sec) , antiderivative size = 33, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.31
method | result | size |
meijerg | \(-\frac {3 \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [-\frac {1}{3}, -\frac {1}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {2}{3}\right ], x^{2}\right )}{2 {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{2}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{\frac {2}{3}}}\) | \(33\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-6 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-x \left (-2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x +2 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 x}\right ) \sqrt {3}+2 \ln \left (\frac {-x +\left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x}\right )-\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+x \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}}\right )\right )}{4 x}\) | \(100\) |
trager | \(-\frac {3 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{2 x}-\frac {\ln \left (79344 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{2}-27072 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+91332 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x -70872 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}+7611 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-5355 x \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-317376 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-1705 x^{2}+38844 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+1085\right )}{2}+6 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (-101664 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{2}+27072 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+64260 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x -82860 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{2}+5355 \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-7611 x \left (x^{3}-x \right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+406656 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+1550 x^{2}+17976 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (144 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-12 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )-465\right )\) | \(307\) |
risch | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(787\) |
Time = 0.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 104, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x \arctan \left (-\frac {44032959556 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - x\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x + \sqrt {3} {\left (16754327161 \, x^{2} - 2707204793\right )} - 10524305234 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - x\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{81835897185 \, x^{2} - 1102302937}\right ) + x \log \left (-3 \, {\left (x^{3} - x\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x + 3 \, {\left (x^{3} - x\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + 1\right ) + 6 \, {\left (x^{3} - x\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{4 \, x} \]
-1/4*(2*sqrt(3)*x*arctan(-(44032959556*sqrt(3)*(x^3 - x)^(1/3)*x + sqrt(3) *(16754327161*x^2 - 2707204793) - 10524305234*sqrt(3)*(x^3 - x)^(2/3))/(81 835897185*x^2 - 1102302937)) + x*log(-3*(x^3 - x)^(1/3)*x + 3*(x^3 - x)^(2 /3) + 1) + 6*(x^3 - x)^(1/3))/x
\[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{x \left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right )}}{x^{2}}\, dx \]
\[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{3} - x\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x^{2}} \,d x } \]
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 74, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.70 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {3}{2} \, {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (-\frac {1}{x^{2}} + 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} - 1 \right |}\right ) \]
1/2*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*(-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/3) + 1)) - 3/2*(-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/3) + 1/4*log((-1/x^2 + 1)^(2/3) + (-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/3) + 1) - 1/2*log (abs((-1/x^2 + 1)^(1/3) - 1))
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{-x+x^3}}{x^2} \, dx=\int \frac {{\left (x^3-x\right )}^{1/3}}{x^2} \,d x \]