Integrand size = 39, antiderivative size = 176 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=-\sqrt {2 \left (-1+\sqrt {2}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2 \left (1+\sqrt {2}\right )} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )+\sqrt {2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right )-\sqrt {2 \left (1+\sqrt {2}\right )} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 \left (-1+\sqrt {2}\right )} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}\right ) \]
-(-2+2*2^(1/2))^(1/2)*arctan((2+2*2^(1/2))^(1/2)*x*(x^2+(x^4+1)^(1/2))^(1/ 2)/(1+x^2+(x^4+1)^(1/2)))+arctanh(2^(1/2)*x*(x^2+(x^4+1)^(1/2))^(1/2)/(1+x ^2+(x^4+1)^(1/2)))*2^(1/2)-(2+2*2^(1/2))^(1/2)*arctanh((-2+2*2^(1/2))^(1/2 )*x*(x^2+(x^4+1)^(1/2))^(1/2)/(1+x^2+(x^4+1)^(1/2)))
Time = 0.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 172, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\sqrt {2} \left (-\sqrt {-1+\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}} \left (-1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}\right )}{x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )+\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {-1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}{\sqrt {2} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )-\sqrt {1+\sqrt {2}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {-1+x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}{\sqrt {2 \left (1+\sqrt {2}\right )} x \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}\right )\right ) \]
Sqrt[2]*(-(Sqrt[-1 + Sqrt[2]]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[1/2 + 1/Sqrt[2]]*(-1 + x^2 + Sq rt[1 + x^4]))/(x*Sqrt[x^2 + Sqrt[1 + x^4]])]) + ArcTanh[(-1 + x^2 + Sqrt[1 + x^4])/(Sqrt[2]*x*Sqrt[x^2 + Sqrt[1 + x^4]])] - Sqrt[1 + Sqrt[2]]*ArcTan h[(-1 + x^2 + Sqrt[1 + x^4])/(Sqrt[2*(1 + Sqrt[2])]*x*Sqrt[x^2 + Sqrt[1 + x^4]])])
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 1.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 180, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.02, number of steps used = 2, number of rules used = 2, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.051, Rules used = {7276, 2009}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\left (x^2-1\right ) \sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}{\left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {x^4+1}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 7276 |
\(\displaystyle \int \left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}{\sqrt {x^4+1}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}{\left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {x^4+1}}\right )dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2009 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \sqrt {1+i} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {1-x}{\sqrt {1+i} \sqrt {1-i x^2}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {1+i} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x+1}{\sqrt {1+i} \sqrt {1-i x^2}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {1-i} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {1-x}{\sqrt {1-i} \sqrt {1+i x^2}}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {1-i} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x+1}{\sqrt {1-i} \sqrt {1+i x^2}}\right )+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{\sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\) |
(Sqrt[1 + I]*ArcTanh[(1 - x)/(Sqrt[1 + I]*Sqrt[1 - I*x^2])])/2 - (Sqrt[1 + I]*ArcTanh[(1 + x)/(Sqrt[1 + I]*Sqrt[1 - I*x^2])])/2 + (Sqrt[1 - I]*ArcTa nh[(1 - x)/(Sqrt[1 - I]*Sqrt[1 + I*x^2])])/2 - (Sqrt[1 - I]*ArcTanh[(1 + x )/(Sqrt[1 - I]*Sqrt[1 + I*x^2])])/2 + ArcTanh[(Sqrt[2]*x)/Sqrt[x^2 + Sqrt[ 1 + x^4]]]/Sqrt[2]
3.24.2.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(u_)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> With[{v = RationalFunctionE xpand[u/(a + b*x^n), x]}, Int[v, x] /; SumQ[v]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && IGtQ [n, 0]
\[\int \frac {\left (x^{2}-1\right ) \sqrt {x^{2}+\sqrt {x^{4}+1}}}{\left (x^{2}+1\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}d x\]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 475 vs. \(2 (138) = 276\).
Time = 3.20 (sec) , antiderivative size = 475, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.70 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (4 \, x^{4} + 4 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x^{2} + 2 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} x^{3} + \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} x^{2} + 4 \, x^{2} + {\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x - \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{3} + x\right )} - 2 \, x\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} {\left (\sqrt {2} + 1\right )}}{x^{2} + 1}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} x^{2} + 4 \, x^{2} - {\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x - \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{3} + x\right )} - 2 \, x\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} {\left (\sqrt {2} + 1\right )}}{x^{2} + 1}\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} x^{2} - 4 \, x^{2} + {\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} - {\left (\sqrt {2} {\left (x^{3} + x\right )} - 2 \, x\right )} \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2}\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} {\left (\sqrt {2} - 1\right )}}{x^{2} + 1}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} x^{2} - 4 \, x^{2} - {\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2} - {\left (\sqrt {2} {\left (x^{3} + x\right )} - 2 \, x\right )} \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 2}\right )} \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} {\left (\sqrt {2} - 1\right )}}{x^{2} + 1}\right ) \]
1/4*sqrt(2)*log(4*x^4 + 4*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*x^2 + 2*(sqrt(2)*x^3 + sqrt(2)*sqr t(x^4 + 1)*x)*sqrt(x^2 + sqrt(x^4 + 1)) + 1) + 1/4*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) + 2)*log ((2*sqrt(2)*x^2 + 4*x^2 + (sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*x - sqrt(2)*(x^3 + x) - 2 *x)*sqrt(x^2 + sqrt(x^4 + 1))*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) + 2) + 2*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*(sqrt( 2) + 1))/(x^2 + 1)) - 1/4*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) + 2)*log((2*sqrt(2)*x^2 + 4*x^2 - (sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*x - sqrt(2)*(x^3 + x) - 2*x)*sqrt(x^2 + sqrt(x^4 + 1))*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) + 2) + 2*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*(sqrt(2) + 1))/(x^2 + 1)) + 1/4 *sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 2)*log(-(2*sqrt(2)*x^2 - 4*x^2 + (sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 + 1) *x*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 2) - (sqrt(2)*(x^3 + x) - 2*x)*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 2))* sqrt(x^2 + sqrt(x^4 + 1)) + 2*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*(sqrt(2) - 1))/(x^2 + 1)) - 1/ 4*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 2)*log(-(2*sqrt(2)*x^2 - 4*x^2 - (sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^4 + 1 )*x*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 2) - (sqrt(2)*(x^3 + x) - 2*x)*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 2)) *sqrt(x^2 + sqrt(x^4 + 1)) + 2*sqrt(x^4 + 1)*(sqrt(2) - 1))/(x^2 + 1))
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}}}{\left (x^{2} + 1\right ) \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}}\, dx \]
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}}{\sqrt {x^{4} + 1} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {x^{4} + 1}} {\left (x^{2} - 1\right )}}{\sqrt {x^{4} + 1} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {x^2+\sqrt {1+x^4}}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {\left (x^2-1\right )\,\sqrt {\sqrt {x^4+1}+x^2}}{\left (x^2+1\right )\,\sqrt {x^4+1}} \,d x \]