Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 82 \[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=-\frac {\left (a^2-2 b^2\right ) x}{2 a^3}+\frac {2 \sqrt {a-b} b \sqrt {a+b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{a^3}-\frac {(2 b-a \cosh (x)) \sinh (x)}{2 a^2} \]
-1/2*(a^2-2*b^2)*x/a^3-1/2*(2*b-a*cosh(x))*sinh(x)/a^2+2*b*arctan((a-b)^(1 /2)*tanh(1/2*x)/(a+b)^(1/2))*(a-b)^(1/2)*(a+b)^(1/2)/a^3
Time = 0.18 (sec) , antiderivative size = 76, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.93 \[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=\frac {-2 a^2 x+4 b^2 x-8 b \sqrt {a^2-b^2} \arctan \left (\frac {(-a+b) \tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )-4 a b \sinh (x)+a^2 \sinh (2 x)}{4 a^3} \]
(-2*a^2*x + 4*b^2*x - 8*b*Sqrt[a^2 - b^2]*ArcTan[((-a + b)*Tanh[x/2])/Sqrt [a^2 - b^2]] - 4*a*b*Sinh[x] + a^2*Sinh[2*x])/(4*a^3)
Time = 0.56 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.18, number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.000, Rules used = {3042, 25, 4360, 3042, 25, 25, 3344, 25, 3042, 3214, 3042, 3138, 218}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \int -\frac {\cos \left (-\frac {\pi }{2}+i x\right )^2}{a-b \csc \left (-\frac {\pi }{2}+i x\right )}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
| \(\displaystyle -\int \frac {\cos \left (i x-\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2}{a-b \csc \left (i x-\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4360 |
| \(\displaystyle -\int \frac {\cosh (x) \sinh ^2(x)}{-b-a \cosh (x)}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle -\int -\frac {\cos \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2 \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{-b-a \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
| \(\displaystyle \int -\frac {\sin \left (\frac {\pi }{2}+i x\right ) \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{2}+i x\right )^2}{b+a \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{2}+i x\right )}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
| \(\displaystyle -\int \frac {\cos \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2 \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{b+a \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3344 |
| \(\displaystyle -\frac {\int -\frac {a b-\left (a^2-2 b^2\right ) \cosh (x)}{b+a \cosh (x)}dx}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {a b-\left (a^2-2 b^2\right ) \cosh (x)}{b+a \cosh (x)}dx}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle -\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}+\frac {\int \frac {a b+\left (2 b^2-a^2\right ) \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{b+a \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx}{2 a^2}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3214 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {2 b \left (a^2-b^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{b+a \cosh (x)}dx}{a}-\frac {x \left (a^2-2 b^2\right )}{a}}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle -\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}+\frac {-\frac {x \left (a^2-2 b^2\right )}{a}+\frac {2 b \left (a^2-b^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{b+a \sin \left (i x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx}{a}}{2 a^2}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3138 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {4 b \left (a^2-b^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{(a-b) \tanh ^2\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+a+b}d\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{a}-\frac {x \left (a^2-2 b^2\right )}{a}}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 218 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {4 b \left (a^2-b^2\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{a \sqrt {a-b} \sqrt {a+b}}-\frac {x \left (a^2-2 b^2\right )}{a}}{2 a^2}-\frac {\sinh (x) (2 b-a \cosh (x))}{2 a^2}\) |
(-(((a^2 - 2*b^2)*x)/a) + (4*b*(a^2 - b^2)*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a - b]*Tanh[x/2])/ Sqrt[a + b]])/(a*Sqrt[a - b]*Sqrt[a + b]))/(2*a^2) - ((2*b - a*Cosh[x])*Si nh[x])/(2*a^2)
3.1.62.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/R t[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*sin[Pi/2 + (c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{ e = FreeFactors[Tan[(c + d*x)/2], x]}, Simp[2*(e/d) Subst[Int[1/(a + b + (a - b)*e^2*x^2), x], x, Tan[(c + d*x)/2]/e], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]
Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])/((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_. )*(x_)]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[b*(x/d), x] - Simp[(b*c - a*d)/d Int[1/(c + d *Sin[e + f*x]), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0]
Int[(cos[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(g_.))^(p_)*((a_) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x _)])^(m_.)*((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[g*(g* Cos[e + f*x])^(p - 1)*(a + b*Sin[e + f*x])^(m + 1)*((b*c*(m + p + 1) - a*d* p + b*d*(m + p)*Sin[e + f*x])/(b^2*f*(m + p)*(m + p + 1))), x] + Simp[g^2*( (p - 1)/(b^2*(m + p)*(m + p + 1))) Int[(g*Cos[e + f*x])^(p - 2)*(a + b*Si n[e + f*x])^m*Simp[b*(a*d*m + b*c*(m + p + 1)) + (a*b*c*(m + p + 1) - d*(a^ 2*p - b^2*(m + p)))*Sin[e + f*x], x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, m}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[p, 1] && NeQ[m + p, 0] && NeQ[m + p + 1 , 0] && IntegerQ[2*m]
Int[(cos[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(g_.))^(p_.)*(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_))^(m_.), x_Symbol] :> Int[(g*Cos[e + f*x])^p*((b + a*Sin[e + f*x])^m/Si n[e + f*x]^m), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, e, f, g, p}, x] && IntegerQ[m]
Time = 2.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 130, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.59
| method | result | size |
| risch | \(-\frac {x}{2 a}+\frac {x \,b^{2}}{a^{3}}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{2 x}}{8 a}-\frac {b \,{\mathrm e}^{x}}{2 a^{2}}+\frac {b \,{\mathrm e}^{-x}}{2 a^{2}}-\frac {{\mathrm e}^{-2 x}}{8 a}+\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, b \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{x}+\frac {b +\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{a}\right )}{a^{3}}-\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, b \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{x}-\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}-b}{a}\right )}{a^{3}}\) | \(130\) |
| default | \(\frac {1}{2 a \left (\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-1\right )^{2}}+\frac {\left (a^{2}-2 b^{2}\right ) \ln \left (\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-1\right )}{2 a^{3}}-\frac {-a -2 b}{2 a^{2} \left (\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-1\right )}-\frac {1}{2 a \left (\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+1\right )^{2}}-\frac {-a -2 b}{2 a^{2} \left (\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+1\right )}+\frac {\left (-a^{2}+2 b^{2}\right ) \ln \left (\tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+1\right )}{2 a^{3}}+\frac {2 b \left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tanh \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a +b \right ) \left (a -b \right )}}\right )}{a^{3} \sqrt {\left (a +b \right ) \left (a -b \right )}}\) | \(160\) |
-1/2*x/a+x/a^3*b^2+1/8/a*exp(x)^2-1/2*b/a^2*exp(x)+1/2*b/a^2/exp(x)-1/8/a/ exp(x)^2+(-a^2+b^2)^(1/2)*b/a^3*ln(exp(x)+(b+(-a^2+b^2)^(1/2))/a)-(-a^2+b^ 2)^(1/2)*b/a^3*ln(exp(x)-((-a^2+b^2)^(1/2)-b)/a)
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 228 vs. \(2 (67) = 134\).
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 536, normalized size of antiderivative = 6.54 \[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=\left [\frac {a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{4} + a^{2} \sinh \left (x\right )^{4} - 4 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right )^{3} - 4 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + 4 \, {\left (a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right ) - a b\right )} \sinh \left (x\right )^{3} + 4 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} - 6 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right ) - 2 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x\right )} \sinh \left (x\right )^{2} + 8 \, {\left (b \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, b \cosh \left (x\right ) \sinh \left (x\right ) + b \sinh \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} \log \left (\frac {a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + a^{2} \sinh \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right ) - a^{2} + 2 \, b^{2} + 2 \, {\left (a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right ) + a b\right )} \sinh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} {\left (a \cosh \left (x\right ) + a \sinh \left (x\right ) + b\right )}}{a \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + a \sinh \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, b \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, {\left (a \cosh \left (x\right ) + b\right )} \sinh \left (x\right ) + a}\right ) - a^{2} + 4 \, {\left (a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{3} - 3 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x \cosh \left (x\right ) + a b\right )} \sinh \left (x\right )}{8 \, {\left (a^{3} \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, a^{3} \cosh \left (x\right ) \sinh \left (x\right ) + a^{3} \sinh \left (x\right )^{2}\right )}}, \frac {a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{4} + a^{2} \sinh \left (x\right )^{4} - 4 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right )^{3} - 4 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + 4 \, {\left (a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right ) - a b\right )} \sinh \left (x\right )^{3} + 4 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} - 6 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right ) - 2 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x\right )} \sinh \left (x\right )^{2} - 16 \, {\left (b \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, b \cosh \left (x\right ) \sinh \left (x\right ) + b \sinh \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \arctan \left (-\frac {a \cosh \left (x\right ) + a \sinh \left (x\right ) + b}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right ) - a^{2} + 4 \, {\left (a^{2} \cosh \left (x\right )^{3} - 3 \, a b \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x \cosh \left (x\right ) + a b\right )} \sinh \left (x\right )}{8 \, {\left (a^{3} \cosh \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, a^{3} \cosh \left (x\right ) \sinh \left (x\right ) + a^{3} \sinh \left (x\right )^{2}\right )}}\right ] \]
[1/8*(a^2*cosh(x)^4 + a^2*sinh(x)^4 - 4*a*b*cosh(x)^3 - 4*(a^2 - 2*b^2)*x* cosh(x)^2 + 4*(a^2*cosh(x) - a*b)*sinh(x)^3 + 4*a*b*cosh(x) + 2*(3*a^2*cos h(x)^2 - 6*a*b*cosh(x) - 2*(a^2 - 2*b^2)*x)*sinh(x)^2 + 8*(b*cosh(x)^2 + 2 *b*cosh(x)*sinh(x) + b*sinh(x)^2)*sqrt(-a^2 + b^2)*log((a^2*cosh(x)^2 + a^ 2*sinh(x)^2 + 2*a*b*cosh(x) - a^2 + 2*b^2 + 2*(a^2*cosh(x) + a*b)*sinh(x) + 2*sqrt(-a^2 + b^2)*(a*cosh(x) + a*sinh(x) + b))/(a*cosh(x)^2 + a*sinh(x) ^2 + 2*b*cosh(x) + 2*(a*cosh(x) + b)*sinh(x) + a)) - a^2 + 4*(a^2*cosh(x)^ 3 - 3*a*b*cosh(x)^2 - 2*(a^2 - 2*b^2)*x*cosh(x) + a*b)*sinh(x))/(a^3*cosh( x)^2 + 2*a^3*cosh(x)*sinh(x) + a^3*sinh(x)^2), 1/8*(a^2*cosh(x)^4 + a^2*si nh(x)^4 - 4*a*b*cosh(x)^3 - 4*(a^2 - 2*b^2)*x*cosh(x)^2 + 4*(a^2*cosh(x) - a*b)*sinh(x)^3 + 4*a*b*cosh(x) + 2*(3*a^2*cosh(x)^2 - 6*a*b*cosh(x) - 2*( a^2 - 2*b^2)*x)*sinh(x)^2 - 16*(b*cosh(x)^2 + 2*b*cosh(x)*sinh(x) + b*sinh (x)^2)*sqrt(a^2 - b^2)*arctan(-(a*cosh(x) + a*sinh(x) + b)/sqrt(a^2 - b^2) ) - a^2 + 4*(a^2*cosh(x)^3 - 3*a*b*cosh(x)^2 - 2*(a^2 - 2*b^2)*x*cosh(x) + a*b)*sinh(x))/(a^3*cosh(x)^2 + 2*a^3*cosh(x)*sinh(x) + a^3*sinh(x)^2)]
\[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=\int \frac {\sinh ^{2}{\left (x \right )}}{a + b \operatorname {sech}{\left (x \right )}}\, dx \]
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
Exception raised: ValueError >> Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(4*b^2-4*a^2>0)', see `assume?` f or more de
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 100, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.22 \[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=\frac {a e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} - 4 \, b e^{x}}{8 \, a^{2}} - \frac {{\left (a^{2} - 2 \, b^{2}\right )} x}{2 \, a^{3}} + \frac {{\left (4 \, a b e^{x} - a^{2}\right )} e^{\left (-2 \, x\right )}}{8 \, a^{3}} + \frac {2 \, {\left (a^{2} b - b^{3}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {a e^{x} + b}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} a^{3}} \]
1/8*(a*e^(2*x) - 4*b*e^x)/a^2 - 1/2*(a^2 - 2*b^2)*x/a^3 + 1/8*(4*a*b*e^x - a^2)*e^(-2*x)/a^3 + 2*(a^2*b - b^3)*arctan((a*e^x + b)/sqrt(a^2 - b^2))/( sqrt(a^2 - b^2)*a^3)
Time = 2.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 173, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.11 \[ \int \frac {\sinh ^2(x)}{a+b \text {sech}(x)} \, dx=\frac {{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,x}}{8\,a}-\frac {{\mathrm {e}}^{-2\,x}}{8\,a}-\frac {b\,{\mathrm {e}}^x}{2\,a^2}+\frac {b\,{\mathrm {e}}^{-x}}{2\,a^2}-\frac {x\,\left (a^2-2\,b^2\right )}{2\,a^3}+\frac {b\,\ln \left (-\frac {2\,b\,{\mathrm {e}}^x\,\left (a^2-b^2\right )}{a^4}-\frac {2\,b\,\sqrt {a+b}\,\left (a+b\,{\mathrm {e}}^x\right )\,\sqrt {b-a}}{a^4}\right )\,\sqrt {a+b}\,\sqrt {b-a}}{a^3}-\frac {b\,\ln \left (\frac {2\,b\,\sqrt {a+b}\,\left (a+b\,{\mathrm {e}}^x\right )\,\sqrt {b-a}}{a^4}-\frac {2\,b\,{\mathrm {e}}^x\,\left (a^2-b^2\right )}{a^4}\right )\,\sqrt {a+b}\,\sqrt {b-a}}{a^3} \]
exp(2*x)/(8*a) - exp(-2*x)/(8*a) - (b*exp(x))/(2*a^2) + (b*exp(-x))/(2*a^2 ) - (x*(a^2 - 2*b^2))/(2*a^3) + (b*log(- (2*b*exp(x)*(a^2 - b^2))/a^4 - (2 *b*(a + b)^(1/2)*(a + b*exp(x))*(b - a)^(1/2))/a^4)*(a + b)^(1/2)*(b - a)^ (1/2))/a^3 - (b*log((2*b*(a + b)^(1/2)*(a + b*exp(x))*(b - a)^(1/2))/a^4 - (2*b*exp(x)*(a^2 - b^2))/a^4)*(a + b)^(1/2)*(b - a)^(1/2))/a^3