\(\int \frac {(a+b x^2)^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx\) [737]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 575 \[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}-\frac {4 b \left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{9 a x}-\frac {4 b^2 x}{9 a \left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )}+\frac {2 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} b \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}+\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{3\ 3^{3/4} a^{2/3} x \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}}}-\frac {4 \sqrt {2} b \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}+\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{9 \sqrt [4]{3} a^{2/3} x \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}}} \] Output:

-1/3*(b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^3-4/9*b*(b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/a/x-4/9*b^2*x/a/((1-3^(1/2) 
)*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))+2/9*(1/2*6^(1/2)+1/2*2^(1/2))*b*(a^(1/3)-(b*x^2 
+a)^(1/3))*((a^(2/3)+a^(1/3)*(b*x^2+a)^(1/3)+(b*x^2+a)^(2/3))/((1-3^(1/2)) 
*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))^2)^(1/2)*EllipticE(((1+3^(1/2))*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a 
)^(1/3))/((1-3^(1/2))*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*3^(1/4)/a^(2 
/3)/x/(-a^(1/3)*(a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))/((1-3^(1/2))*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^( 
1/3))^2)^(1/2)-4/27*2^(1/2)*b*(a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))*((a^(2/3)+a^(1/3)* 
(b*x^2+a)^(1/3)+(b*x^2+a)^(2/3))/((1-3^(1/2))*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))^2)^ 
(1/2)*EllipticF(((1+3^(1/2))*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))/((1-3^(1/2))*a^(1/3) 
-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*3^(3/4)/a^(2/3)/x/(-a^(1/3)*(a^(1/3)-(b*x 
^2+a)^(1/3))/((1-3^(1/2))*a^(1/3)-(b*x^2+a)^(1/3))^2)^(1/2)
 

Mathematica [C] (verified)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.

Time = 10.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 51, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.09 \[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {3}{2},-\frac {2}{3},-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )}{3 x^3 \left (1+\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )^{2/3}} \] Input:

Integrate[(a + b*x^2)^(2/3)/x^4,x]
 

Output:

-1/3*((a + b*x^2)^(2/3)*Hypergeometric2F1[-3/2, -2/3, -1/2, -((b*x^2)/a)]) 
/(x^3*(1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(2/3))
 

Rubi [A] (warning: unable to verify)

Time = 0.50 (sec) , antiderivative size = 618, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.07, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.400, Rules used = {247, 264, 233, 833, 760, 2418}

Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.

\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 247

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{9} b \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}dx-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 264

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{9} b \left (\frac {b \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}dx}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{a x}\right )-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 233

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{9} b \left (\frac {\sqrt {b x^2} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{\sqrt {b x^2}}d\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{2 a x}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{a x}\right )-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 833

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{9} b \left (\frac {\sqrt {b x^2} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b x^2}}d\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}-\int \frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{\sqrt {b x^2}}d\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}\right )}{2 a x}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{a x}\right )-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 760

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{9} b \left (\frac {\sqrt {b x^2} \left (-\int \frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{\sqrt {b x^2}}d\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}-\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}+\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {b x^2} \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}}}\right )}{2 a x}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{a x}\right )-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 2418

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{9} b \left (\frac {\sqrt {b x^2} \left (-\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}+\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {b x^2} \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} \sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}+\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b x^2+a}}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {b x^2} \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )}{\left (\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}\right )^2}}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{a+b x^2}}\right )}{2 a x}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{a x}\right )-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{3 x^3}\)

Input:

Int[(a + b*x^2)^(2/3)/x^4,x]
 

Output:

-1/3*(a + b*x^2)^(2/3)/x^3 + (4*b*(-((a + b*x^2)^(2/3)/(a*x)) + (Sqrt[b*x^ 
2]*((-2*Sqrt[b*x^2])/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3)) + (3^(1/4 
)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*a^(1/3)*(a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))*Sqrt[(a^(2/3) + 
a^(1/3)*(a + b*x^2)^(1/3) + (a + b*x^2)^(2/3))/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a 
 + b*x^2)^(1/3))^2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^ 
(1/3))/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(Sqr 
t[b*x^2]*Sqrt[-((a^(1/3)*(a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3)))/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^( 
1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))^2)]) - (2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(1 + Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3 
)*(a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))*Sqrt[(a^(2/3) + a^(1/3)*(a + b*x^2)^(1/3) 
+ (a + b*x^2)^(2/3))/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))^2]*Ellipt 
icF[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^(1 
/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3))], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(3^(1/4)*Sqrt[b*x^2]*Sqrt[-((a 
^(1/3)*(a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2)^(1/3)))/((1 - Sqrt[3])*a^(1/3) - (a + b*x^2) 
^(1/3))^2)])))/(2*a*x)))/9
 

Defintions of rubi rules used

rule 233

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1/3), x_Symbol] :> Simp[3*(Sqrt[b*x^2]/(2*b*x)) 
   Subst[Int[x/Sqrt[-a + x^3], x], x, (a + b*x^2)^(1/3)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b 
}, x]
 

rule 247

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x)^ 
(m + 1)*((a + b*x^2)^p/(c*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[2*b*(p/(c^2*(m + 1)))   Int[ 
(c*x)^(m + 2)*(a + b*x^2)^(p - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && GtQ[p, 
0] && LtQ[m, -1] &&  !ILtQ[(m + 2*p + 3)/2, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, 
m, p, x]
 

rule 264

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x)^( 
m + 1)*((a + b*x^2)^(p + 1)/(a*c*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[b*((m + 2*p + 3)/(a*c 
^2*(m + 1)))   Int[(c*x)^(m + 2)*(a + b*x^2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p 
}, x] && LtQ[m, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
 

rule 760

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], 
s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s 
*x + r^2*x^2)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(3^(1/4)*r*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(- 
s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3]) 
*s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x 
] && NegQ[a]
 

rule 833

Int[(x_)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3] 
], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[(-(1 + Sqrt[3]))*(s/r)   Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x 
^3], x], x] + Simp[1/r   Int[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x], x 
]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a]
 

rule 2418

Int[((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = N 
umer[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]], s = Denom[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c) 
]]}, Simp[2*d*s^3*(Sqrt[a + b*x^3]/(a*r^2*((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x))), x] + S 
imp[3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*d*s*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/( 
(1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(r^2*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(-s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - S 
qrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[ 
3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[a] && 
 EqQ[b*c^3 - 2*(5 + 3*Sqrt[3])*a*d^3, 0]
 

Maple [F]

\[\int \frac {\left (b \,x^{2}+a \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{4}}d x\]

Input:

int((b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^4,x)
 

Output:

int((b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^4,x)
 

Fricas [F]

\[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{4}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate((b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^4,x, algorithm="fricas")
 

Output:

integral((b*x^2 + a)^(2/3)/x^4, x)
 

Sympy [A] (verification not implemented)

Time = 0.54 (sec) , antiderivative size = 34, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.06 \[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=- \frac {a^{\frac {2}{3}} {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {3}{2}, - \frac {2}{3} \\ - \frac {1}{2} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b x^{2} e^{i \pi }}{a}} \right )}}{3 x^{3}} \] Input:

integrate((b*x**2+a)**(2/3)/x**4,x)
 

Output:

-a**(2/3)*hyper((-3/2, -2/3), (-1/2,), b*x**2*exp_polar(I*pi)/a)/(3*x**3)
 

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{4}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate((b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^4,x, algorithm="maxima")
 

Output:

integrate((b*x^2 + a)^(2/3)/x^4, x)
 

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{4}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate((b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^4,x, algorithm="giac")
 

Output:

integrate((b*x^2 + a)^(2/3)/x^4, x)
 

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=\int \frac {{\left (b\,x^2+a\right )}^{2/3}}{x^4} \,d x \] Input:

int((a + b*x^2)^(2/3)/x^4,x)
 

Output:

int((a + b*x^2)^(2/3)/x^4, x)
 

Reduce [F]

\[ \int \frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}{x^4} \, dx=\frac {-3 \left (b \,x^{2}+a \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-4 \left (\int \frac {\left (b \,x^{2}+a \right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{b \,x^{6}+a \,x^{4}}d x \right ) a \,x^{3}}{5 x^{3}} \] Input:

int((b*x^2+a)^(2/3)/x^4,x)
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
 

Output:

( - 3*(a + b*x**2)**(2/3) - 4*int((a + b*x**2)**(2/3)/(a*x**4 + b*x**6),x) 
*a*x**3)/(5*x**3)