Integrand size = 12, antiderivative size = 79 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{-a-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} (-a-b)^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{-a-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} (-a-b)^{3/4}} \] Output:
-1/4*arctan(1/2*x*2^(3/4)/(-a-b)^(1/4))*2^(1/4)/(-a-b)^(3/4)-1/4*arctanh(1 /2*x*2^(3/4)/(-a-b)^(1/4))*2^(1/4)/(-a-b)^(3/4)
Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 128, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.62 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\frac {-2 \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b}}\right )-\log \left (2 \sqrt {a+b}-2 \sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{a+b} x+\sqrt {2} x^2\right )+\log \left (2 \sqrt {a+b}+2 \sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{a+b} x+\sqrt {2} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt [4]{2} (a+b)^{3/4}} \] Input:
Integrate[(2*a + 2*b + x^4)^(-1),x]
Output:
(-2*ArcTan[1 - (2^(1/4)*x)/(a + b)^(1/4)] + 2*ArcTan[1 + (2^(1/4)*x)/(a + b)^(1/4)] - Log[2*Sqrt[a + b] - 2*2^(1/4)*(a + b)^(1/4)*x + Sqrt[2]*x^2] + Log[2*Sqrt[a + b] + 2*2^(1/4)*(a + b)^(1/4)*x + Sqrt[2]*x^2])/(8*2^(1/4)* (a + b)^(3/4))
Time = 0.34 (sec) , antiderivative size = 79, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {756, 216, 219}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 756 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a-b}-x^2}dx}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a-b}}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{x^2+\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a-b}}dx}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a-b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 216 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a-b}-x^2}dx}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a-b}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{-a-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} (-a-b)^{3/4}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 219 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{-a-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} (-a-b)^{3/4}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt [4]{-a-b}}\right )}{2\ 2^{3/4} (-a-b)^{3/4}}\) |
Input:
Int[(2*a + 2*b + x^4)^(-1),x]
Output:
-1/2*ArcTan[x/(2^(1/4)*(-a - b)^(1/4))]/(2^(3/4)*(-a - b)^(3/4)) - ArcTanh [x/(2^(1/4)*(-a - b)^(1/4))]/(2*2^(3/4)*(-a - b)^(3/4))
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]))*A rcTan[Rt[b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a , 0] || GtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]))* ArcTanh[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (Gt Q[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-a/b, 2 ]], s = Denominator[Rt[-a/b, 2]]}, Simp[r/(2*a) Int[1/(r - s*x^2), x], x] + Simp[r/(2*a) Int[1/(r + s*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && !GtQ[a /b, 0]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.49 (sec) , antiderivative size = 27, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.34
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+2 a +2 b \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}\right )}{4}\) | \(27\) |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+\left (2 a +2 b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {2 a +2 b}}{x^{2}-\left (2 a +2 b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {2 a +2 b}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (2 a +2 b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (2 a +2 b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-1\right )\right )}{8 \left (2 a +2 b \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}\) | \(113\) |
Input:
int(1/(x^4+2*a+2*b),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)
Output:
1/4*sum(1/_R^3*ln(x-_R),_R=RootOf(_Z^4+2*a+2*b))
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 273, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.46 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\frac {1}{4} \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (2 \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a + b\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-2 \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (a + b\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) - \frac {1}{4} i \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-2 \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (i \, a + i \, b\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) + \frac {1}{4} i \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-2 \, \left (\frac {1}{8}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} {\left (-i \, a - i \, b\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b + 3 \, a b^{2} + b^{3}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) \] Input:
integrate(1/(x^4+2*a+2*b),x, algorithm="fricas")
Output:
1/4*(1/8)^(1/4)*(-1/(a^3 + 3*a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4)*log(2*(1/8)^(1/ 4)*(a + b)*(-1/(a^3 + 3*a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4) + x) - 1/4*(1/8)^(1/ 4)*(-1/(a^3 + 3*a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4)*log(-2*(1/8)^(1/4)*(a + b)*( -1/(a^3 + 3*a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4) + x) - 1/4*I*(1/8)^(1/4)*(-1/(a^ 3 + 3*a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4)*log(-2*(1/8)^(1/4)*(I*a + I*b)*(-1/(a^ 3 + 3*a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4) + x) + 1/4*I*(1/8)^(1/4)*(-1/(a^3 + 3* a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4)*log(-2*(1/8)^(1/4)*(-I*a - I*b)*(-1/(a^3 + 3 *a^2*b + 3*a*b^2 + b^3))^(1/4) + x)
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 42, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.53 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (t^{4} \cdot \left (2048 a^{3} + 6144 a^{2} b + 6144 a b^{2} + 2048 b^{3}\right ) + 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (8 t a + 8 t b + x \right )} \right )\right )} \] Input:
integrate(1/(x**4+2*a+2*b),x)
Output:
RootSum(_t**4*(2048*a**3 + 6144*a**2*b + 6144*a*b**2 + 2048*b**3) + 1, Lam bda(_t, _t*log(8*_t*a + 8*_t*b + x)))
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 179 vs. \(2 (61) = 122\).
Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 179, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.27 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {2 \, a + 2 \, b}\right )}{8 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {2 \, a + 2 \, b}\right )}{8 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}} \] Input:
integrate(1/(x^4+2*a+2*b),x, algorithm="maxima")
Output:
1/4*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(2*x + sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4))/(2*a + 2* b)^(1/4))/(2*a + 2*b)^(3/4) + 1/4*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(2*x - sqrt(2 )*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4))/(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4))/(2*a + 2*b)^(3/4) + 1/8*sqrt(2)*lo g(x^2 + sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*x + sqrt(2*a + 2*b))/(2*a + 2*b)^(3/4) - 1/8*sqrt(2)*log(x^2 - sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*x + sqrt(2*a + 2*b))/(2*a + 2*b)^(3/4)
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 219 vs. \(2 (61) = 122\).
Time = 0.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 219, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.77 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\frac {{\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} a + \sqrt {2} b\right )}} + \frac {{\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} a + \sqrt {2} b\right )}} + \frac {{\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {2 \, a + 2 \, b}\right )}{8 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} a + \sqrt {2} b\right )}} - \frac {{\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, a + 2 \, b\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {2 \, a + 2 \, b}\right )}{8 \, {\left (\sqrt {2} a + \sqrt {2} b\right )}} \] Input:
integrate(1/(x^4+2*a+2*b),x, algorithm="giac")
Output:
1/4*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(2*x + sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)) /(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4))/(sqrt(2)*a + sqrt(2)*b) + 1/4*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*arctan (1/2*sqrt(2)*(2*x - sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4))/(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4))/(sqrt(2) *a + sqrt(2)*b) + 1/8*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*log(x^2 + sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4 )*x + sqrt(2*a + 2*b))/(sqrt(2)*a + sqrt(2)*b) - 1/8*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*log (x^2 - sqrt(2)*(2*a + 2*b)^(1/4)*x + sqrt(2*a + 2*b))/(sqrt(2)*a + sqrt(2) *b)
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 121, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.53 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\frac {2^{1/4}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {2^{1/4}\,x}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,a}{{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/2}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,b}{{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/2}}\right )\,{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/4}}\right )}{4\,{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/4}}+\frac {2^{1/4}\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {2^{1/4}\,x}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,a}{{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/2}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,b}{{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/2}}\right )\,{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/4}}\right )}{4\,{\left (-a-b\right )}^{3/4}} \] Input:
int(1/(2*a + 2*b + x^4),x)
Output:
(2^(1/4)*atan((2^(1/4)*x)/(((2^(1/2)*a)/(- a - b)^(3/2) + (2^(1/2)*b)/(- a - b)^(3/2))*(- a - b)^(3/4))))/(4*(- a - b)^(3/4)) + (2^(1/4)*atanh((2^(1 /4)*x)/(((2^(1/2)*a)/(- a - b)^(3/2) + (2^(1/2)*b)/(- a - b)^(3/2))*(- a - b)^(3/4))))/(4*(- a - b)^(3/4))
Time = 0.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 136, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.72 \[ \int \frac {1}{2 a+2 b+x^4} \, dx=\frac {\left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, 2^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (-2 \mathit {atan} \left (\frac {\left (\left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, 2^{\frac {1}{4}}-2 x \right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}}}{2 \left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}}\right )+2 \mathit {atan} \left (\frac {\left (\left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, 2^{\frac {1}{4}}+2 x \right ) 2^{\frac {3}{4}}}{2 \left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}}\right )-\mathrm {log}\left (-\left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, 2^{\frac {1}{4}} x +\sqrt {a +b}\, \sqrt {2}+x^{2}\right )+\mathrm {log}\left (\left (a +b \right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, 2^{\frac {1}{4}} x +\sqrt {a +b}\, \sqrt {2}+x^{2}\right )\right )}{16 a +16 b} \] Input:
int(1/(x^4+2*a+2*b),x)
Output:
((a + b)**(1/4)*sqrt(2)*2**(1/4)*( - 2*atan(((a + b)**(1/4)*sqrt(2)*2**(1/ 4) - 2*x)/((a + b)**(1/4)*sqrt(2)*2**(1/4))) + 2*atan(((a + b)**(1/4)*sqrt (2)*2**(1/4) + 2*x)/((a + b)**(1/4)*sqrt(2)*2**(1/4))) - log( - (a + b)**( 1/4)*sqrt(2)*2**(1/4)*x + sqrt(a + b)*sqrt(2) + x**2) + log((a + b)**(1/4) *sqrt(2)*2**(1/4)*x + sqrt(a + b)*sqrt(2) + x**2)))/(16*(a + b))