Integrand size = 20, antiderivative size = 126 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {1+x^3}}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} (1+x) \sqrt {\frac {1-x+x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \sqrt {1+x^3}} \] Output:
-2*(x^3+1)^(1/2)/(1+x+3^(1/2))+3^(1/4)*(1/2*6^(1/2)-1/2*2^(1/2))*(1+x)*((x ^2-x+1)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)*EllipticE((1+x-3^(1/2))/(1+x+3^(1/2)),I*3^( 1/2)+2*I)/((1+x)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)/(x^3+1)^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 10.03 (sec) , antiderivative size = 47, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.37 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\right ) x \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{3},\frac {1}{2},\frac {4}{3},-x^3\right )-\frac {1}{2} x^2 \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{2},\frac {2}{3},\frac {5}{3},-x^3\right ) \] Input:
Integrate[(-1 + Sqrt[3] - x)/Sqrt[1 + x^3],x]
Output:
(-1 + Sqrt[3])*x*Hypergeometric2F1[1/3, 1/2, 4/3, -x^3] - (x^2*Hypergeomet ric2F1[1/2, 2/3, 5/3, -x^3])/2
Time = 0.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 126, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 1, number of rules used = 1, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.050, Rules used = {2416}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {-x+\sqrt {3}-1}{\sqrt {x^3+1}} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 2416 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} (x+1) \sqrt {\frac {x^2-x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {x-\sqrt {3}+1}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3+1}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {x^3+1}}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\) |
Input:
Int[(-1 + Sqrt[3] - x)/Sqrt[1 + x^3],x]
Output:
(-2*Sqrt[1 + x^3])/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x) + (3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(1 + x)* Sqrt[(1 - x + x^2)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[(1 - Sqrt[3] + x) /(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]])/(Sqrt[(1 + x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*S qrt[1 + x^3])
Int[((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = N umer[Simplify[(1 - Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]], s = Denom[Simplify[(1 - Sqrt[3])*(d/c) ]]}, Simp[2*d*s^3*(Sqrt[a + b*x^3]/(a*r^2*((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x))), x] - S imp[3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*d*s*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/( (1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(r^2*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[s*((s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt [3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt[3]) *s + r*x)], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && PosQ[a] && Eq Q[b*c^3 - 2*(5 - 3*Sqrt[3])*a*d^3, 0]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 48, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.38
| method | result | size |
| meijerg | \(-x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{2}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], -x^{3}\right )+\sqrt {3}\, x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{2}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], -x^{3}\right )-\frac {x^{2} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\frac {1}{2}, \frac {2}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {5}{3}\right ], -x^{3}\right )}{2}\) | \(48\) |
| elliptic | \(\frac {2 \left (\sqrt {3}-1\right ) \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}-\frac {2 \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}\) | \(294\) |
| default | \(\frac {2 \sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}-\frac {2 \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}-\frac {2 \left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x +1}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}\) | \(407\) |
Input:
int((-1+3^(1/2)-x)/(x^3+1)^(1/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)
Output:
-x*hypergeom([1/3,1/2],[4/3],-x^3)+3^(1/2)*x*hypergeom([1/3,1/2],[4/3],-x^ 3)-1/2*x^2*hypergeom([1/2,2/3],[5/3],-x^3)
Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 21, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.17 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=2 \, {\left (\sqrt {3} - 1\right )} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (0, -4, x\right ) + 2 \, {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (0, -4, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (0, -4, x\right )\right ) \] Input:
integrate((-1+3^(1/2)-x)/(x^3+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")
Output:
2*(sqrt(3) - 1)*weierstrassPInverse(0, -4, x) + 2*weierstrassZeta(0, -4, w eierstrassPInverse(0, -4, x))
Time = 1.44 (sec) , antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.73 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=- \frac {x^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} \frac {1}{2}, \frac {2}{3} \\ \frac {5}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3} e^{i \pi }} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {5}{3}\right )} - \frac {x \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} \frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{2} \\ \frac {4}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3} e^{i \pi }} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} + \frac {\sqrt {3} x \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} \frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{2} \\ \frac {4}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3} e^{i \pi }} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} \] Input:
integrate((-1+3**(1/2)-x)/(x**3+1)**(1/2),x)
Output:
-x**2*gamma(2/3)*hyper((1/2, 2/3), (5/3,), x**3*exp_polar(I*pi))/(3*gamma( 5/3)) - x*gamma(1/3)*hyper((1/3, 1/2), (4/3,), x**3*exp_polar(I*pi))/(3*ga mma(4/3)) + sqrt(3)*x*gamma(1/3)*hyper((1/3, 1/2), (4/3,), x**3*exp_polar( I*pi))/(3*gamma(4/3))
\[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { -\frac {x - \sqrt {3} + 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} + 1}} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate((-1+3^(1/2)-x)/(x^3+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")
Output:
-integrate((x - sqrt(3) + 1)/sqrt(x^3 + 1), x)
\[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { -\frac {x - \sqrt {3} + 1}{\sqrt {x^{3} + 1}} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate((-1+3^(1/2)-x)/(x^3+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")
Output:
integrate(-(x - sqrt(3) + 1)/sqrt(x^3 + 1), x)
Time = 5.56 (sec) , antiderivative size = 312, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.48 \[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\sqrt {3}\,x\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (\frac {1}{3},\frac {1}{2};\ \frac {4}{3};\ -x^3\right )+\frac {6\,\sqrt {\frac {x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {\frac {1}{2}-x+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\mathrm {E}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^3+\left (-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )-1\right )\,x-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )}}-\frac {6\,\sqrt {\frac {x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {\frac {1}{2}-x+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\mathrm {F}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )}{\sqrt {x^3+\left (-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )-1\right )\,x-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )}} \] Input:
int(-(x - 3^(1/2) + 1)/(x^3 + 1)^(1/2),x)
Output:
3^(1/2)*x*hypergeom([1/3, 1/2], 4/3, -x^3) + (6*((x + (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2 )/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2))^(1/2)*((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*((( 3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - x + 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*ellipticE(asin(((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)), -((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i) /2 - 3/2)))/(x^3 - x*(((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2) + 1) - ((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2))^(1/2) - (6*((x + (3^(1/2)* 1i)/2 - 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2))^(1/2)*((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2) )^(1/2)*(((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - x + 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*elliptic F(asin(((x + 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)), -((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)/(( 3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2)))/(x^3 - x*(((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2) + 1) - ((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2))^(1/2)
\[ \int \frac {-1+\sqrt {3}-x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx=\sqrt {3}\, \left (\int \frac {\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}{x^{3}+1}d x \right )-\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}{x^{3}+1}d x \right )-\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {x^{3}+1}\, x}{x^{3}+1}d x \right ) \] Input:
int((-1+3^(1/2)-x)/(x^3+1)^(1/2),x)
Output:
sqrt(3)*int(sqrt(x**3 + 1)/(x**3 + 1),x) - int(sqrt(x**3 + 1)/(x**3 + 1),x ) - int((sqrt(x**3 + 1)*x)/(x**3 + 1),x)