\(\int \frac {1}{(-3+7 x^2-2 x^4)^{3/2}} \, dx\) [263]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 16, antiderivative size = 71 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-3+7 x^2-2 x^4}}+\frac {7 E\left (\arccos \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )|\frac {6}{5}\right )}{15 \sqrt {5}}-\frac {\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arccos \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {3}}\right ),\frac {6}{5}\right )}{15 \sqrt {5}} \] Output:

-1/75*x*(-14*x^2+37)/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(1/2)+7/75*EllipticE(1/3*(-3*x^2+9)^ 
(1/2),1/5*30^(1/2))*5^(1/2)-1/75*InverseJacobiAM(arccos(1/3*x*3^(1/2)),1/5 
*30^(1/2))*5^(1/2)
 

Mathematica [A] (verified)

Time = 6.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 101, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.42 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {-37 x+14 x^3+7 \sqrt {6-12 x^2} \sqrt {3-x^2} E\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {2} x\right )|\frac {1}{6}\right )-5 \sqrt {6-12 x^2} \sqrt {3-x^2} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\sqrt {2} x\right ),\frac {1}{6}\right )}{75 \sqrt {-3+7 x^2-2 x^4}} \] Input:

Integrate[(-3 + 7*x^2 - 2*x^4)^(-3/2),x]
 

Output:

(-37*x + 14*x^3 + 7*Sqrt[6 - 12*x^2]*Sqrt[3 - x^2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[Sqrt[2 
]*x], 1/6] - 5*Sqrt[6 - 12*x^2]*Sqrt[3 - x^2]*EllipticF[ArcSin[Sqrt[2]*x], 
 1/6])/(75*Sqrt[-3 + 7*x^2 - 2*x^4])
 

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 76, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.07, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.438, Rules used = {1405, 27, 1494, 27, 399, 322, 328}

Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.

\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\left (-2 x^4+7 x^2-3\right )^{3/2}} \, dx\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1405

\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{75} \int \frac {2 \left (6-7 x^2\right )}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}dx-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 27

\(\displaystyle \frac {2}{75} \int \frac {6-7 x^2}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}dx-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1494

\(\displaystyle \frac {4}{75} \sqrt {2} \int \frac {6-7 x^2}{2 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {3-x^2} \sqrt {2 x^2-1}}dx-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 27

\(\displaystyle \frac {2}{75} \int \frac {6-7 x^2}{\sqrt {3-x^2} \sqrt {2 x^2-1}}dx-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 399

\(\displaystyle \frac {2}{75} \left (\frac {5}{2} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {3-x^2} \sqrt {2 x^2-1}}dx-\frac {7}{2} \int \frac {\sqrt {2 x^2-1}}{\sqrt {3-x^2}}dx\right )-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 322

\(\displaystyle \frac {2}{75} \left (-\frac {7}{2} \int \frac {\sqrt {2 x^2-1}}{\sqrt {3-x^2}}dx-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {5} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arccos \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {3}}\right ),\frac {6}{5}\right )\right )-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 328

\(\displaystyle \frac {2}{75} \left (\frac {7}{2} \sqrt {5} E\left (\arccos \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )|\frac {6}{5}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {5} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arccos \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {3}}\right ),\frac {6}{5}\right )\right )-\frac {x \left (37-14 x^2\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^4+7 x^2-3}}\)

Input:

Int[(-3 + 7*x^2 - 2*x^4)^(-3/2),x]
 

Output:

-1/75*(x*(37 - 14*x^2))/Sqrt[-3 + 7*x^2 - 2*x^4] + (2*((7*Sqrt[5]*Elliptic 
E[ArcCos[x/Sqrt[3]], 6/5])/2 - (Sqrt[5]*EllipticF[ArcCos[x/Sqrt[3]], 6/5]) 
/2))/75
 

Defintions of rubi rules used

rule 27

Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a   Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] &&  !Ma 
tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
 

rule 322

Int[1/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2]), x_Symbol] :> S 
imp[(-(Sqrt[c]*Rt[-d/c, 2]*Sqrt[a - b*(c/d)])^(-1))*EllipticF[ArcCos[Rt[-d/ 
c, 2]*x], b*(c/(b*c - a*d))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[d/c] && 
GtQ[c, 0] && GtQ[a - b*(c/d), 0]
 

rule 328

Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]/Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Simp[ 
(-Sqrt[a - b*(c/d)]/(Sqrt[c]*Rt[-d/c, 2]))*EllipticE[ArcCos[Rt[-d/c, 2]*x], 
 b*(c/(b*c - a*d))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[d/c] && GtQ[c, 0] 
 && GtQ[a - b*(c/d), 0]
 

rule 399

Int[((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^2)/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_) 
^2]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[f/b   Int[Sqrt[a + b*x^2]/Sqrt[c + d*x^2], x], x] + 
 Simp[(b*e - a*f)/b   Int[1/(Sqrt[a + b*x^2]*Sqrt[c + d*x^2]), x], x] /; Fr 
eeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] &&  !((PosQ[b/a] && PosQ[d/c]) || (NegQ[b/a] && 
(PosQ[d/c] || (GtQ[a, 0] && ( !GtQ[c, 0] || SimplerSqrtQ[-b/a, -d/c])))))
 

rule 1405

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-x)*(b^2 
- 2*a*c + b*c*x^2)*((a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1)/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c)) 
), x] + Simp[1/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c))   Int[(b^2 - 2*a*c + 2*(p + 1)*( 
b^2 - 4*a*c) + b*c*(4*p + 7)*x^2)*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1), x], x] /; Fr 
eeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && LtQ[p, -1] && IntegerQ[2*p]
 

rule 1494

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbo 
l] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[-c]   Int[(d + e*x^2)/(Sqr 
t[b + q + 2*c*x^2]*Sqrt[-b + q - 2*c*x^2]), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e 
}, x] && GtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && LtQ[c, 0]
 

Maple [B] (verified)

Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(132\) vs. \(2(65)=130\).

Time = 2.74 (sec) , antiderivative size = 133, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.87

method	result	size
risch	\(\frac {x \left (14 x^{2}-37\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-3 x^{2}+9}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{2}+1}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}-\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-3 x^{2}+9}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{2}+1}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{225 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}\)	\(133\)
default	\(\frac {-\frac {37}{75} x +\frac {14}{75} x^{3}}{\sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-3 x^{2}+9}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{2}+1}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}-\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-3 x^{2}+9}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{2}+1}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{225 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}\)	\(134\)
elliptic	\(\frac {-\frac {37}{75} x +\frac {14}{75} x^{3}}{\sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-3 x^{2}+9}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{2}+1}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )}{75 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}-\frac {7 \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-3 x^{2}+9}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{2}+1}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, x}{3}, \sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{225 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}\)	\(134\)

Input:

int(1/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(3/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)
 

Output:

1/75*x*(14*x^2-37)/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(1/2)+4/75*3^(1/2)*(-3*x^2+9)^(1/2)*(- 
2*x^2+1)^(1/2)/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/3*3^(1/2)*x,6^(1/2))-7/2 
25*3^(1/2)*(-3*x^2+9)^(1/2)*(-2*x^2+1)^(1/2)/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(1/2)*(Ellip 
ticF(1/3*3^(1/2)*x,6^(1/2))-EllipticE(1/3*3^(1/2)*x,6^(1/2)))
 

Fricas [A] (verification not implemented)

Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.37 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {14 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-3} {\left (2 \, x^{4} - 7 \, x^{2} + 3\right )} E(\arcsin \left (\sqrt {2} x\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{6}) - 12 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-3} {\left (2 \, x^{4} - 7 \, x^{2} + 3\right )} F(\arcsin \left (\sqrt {2} x\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{6}) + \sqrt {-2 \, x^{4} + 7 \, x^{2} - 3} {\left (14 \, x^{3} - 37 \, x\right )}}{75 \, {\left (2 \, x^{4} - 7 \, x^{2} + 3\right )}} \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="fricas")
 

Output:

-1/75*(14*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-3)*(2*x^4 - 7*x^2 + 3)*elliptic_e(arcsin(sqrt(2)*x 
), 1/6) - 12*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-3)*(2*x^4 - 7*x^2 + 3)*elliptic_f(arcsin(sqrt(2 
)*x), 1/6) + sqrt(-2*x^4 + 7*x^2 - 3)*(14*x^3 - 37*x))/(2*x^4 - 7*x^2 + 3)
 

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (- 2 x^{4} + 7 x^{2} - 3\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x**4+7*x**2-3)**(3/2),x)
 

Output:

Integral((-2*x**4 + 7*x**2 - 3)**(-3/2), x)
 

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (-2 \, x^{4} + 7 \, x^{2} - 3\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="maxima")
 

Output:

integrate((-2*x^4 + 7*x^2 - 3)^(-3/2), x)
 

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (-2 \, x^{4} + 7 \, x^{2} - 3\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="giac")
 

Output:

integrate((-2*x^4 + 7*x^2 - 3)^(-3/2), x)
 

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{{\left (-2\,x^4+7\,x^2-3\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \] Input:

int(1/(7*x^2 - 2*x^4 - 3)^(3/2),x)
 

Output:

int(1/(7*x^2 - 2*x^4 - 3)^(3/2), x)
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
 

Reduce [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+7 x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {-2 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-3}}{4 x^{8}-28 x^{6}+61 x^{4}-42 x^{2}+9}d x \] Input:

int(1/(-2*x^4+7*x^2-3)^(3/2),x)
 

Output:

int(sqrt( - 2*x**4 + 7*x**2 - 3)/(4*x**8 - 28*x**6 + 61*x**4 - 42*x**2 + 9 
),x)