\(\int \frac {1}{(-3+x^2-2 x^4)^{3/2}} \, dx\) [269]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 14, antiderivative size = 249 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {x \left (11+2 x^2\right )}{69 \sqrt {-3+x^2-2 x^4}}-\frac {2 x \sqrt {-3+x^2-2 x^4}}{69 \left (\sqrt {6}+2 x^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{2} \left (3+\sqrt {6} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {3-x^2+2 x^4}{\left (3+\sqrt {6} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3}} x\right )|\frac {1}{24} \left (12+\sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{23\ 3^{3/4} \sqrt {-3+x^2-2 x^4}}+\frac {\left (1-2 \sqrt {6}\right ) \left (3+\sqrt {6} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {3-x^2+2 x^4}{\left (3+\sqrt {6} x^2\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3}} x\right ),\frac {1}{24} \left (12+\sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{23\ 6^{3/4} \sqrt {-3+x^2-2 x^4}} \] Output:

-1/69*x*(2*x^2+11)/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(1/2)-2*x*(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(1/2)/(69*6^(1/ 
2)+138*x^2)-1/69*2^(1/4)*(3+6^(1/2)*x^2)*((2*x^4-x^2+3)/(3+6^(1/2)*x^2)^2) 
^(1/2)*EllipticE(sin(2*arctan(1/3*2^(1/4)*3^(3/4)*x)),1/12*(72+6*6^(1/2))^ 
(1/2))*3^(1/4)/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(1/2)+1/138*(1-2*6^(1/2))*(3+6^(1/2)*x^2)*(( 
2*x^4-x^2+3)/(3+6^(1/2)*x^2)^2)^(1/2)*InverseJacobiAM(2*arctan(1/3*2^(1/4) 
*3^(3/4)*x),1/12*(72+6*6^(1/2))^(1/2))*6^(1/4)/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(1/2)
 

Mathematica [C] (verified)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 6.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 318, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.28 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {-4 \sqrt {-\frac {i}{i+\sqrt {23}}} x \left (11+2 x^2\right )-\left (-i+\sqrt {23}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {i+\sqrt {23}-4 i x^2}{i+\sqrt {23}}} \sqrt {\frac {-i+\sqrt {23}+4 i x^2}{-i+\sqrt {23}}} E\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (2 \sqrt {-\frac {i}{i+\sqrt {23}}} x\right )|\frac {i+\sqrt {23}}{i-\sqrt {23}}\right )+\left (23 i+\sqrt {23}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {i+\sqrt {23}-4 i x^2}{i+\sqrt {23}}} \sqrt {\frac {-i+\sqrt {23}+4 i x^2}{-i+\sqrt {23}}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (2 \sqrt {-\frac {i}{i+\sqrt {23}}} x\right ),\frac {i+\sqrt {23}}{i-\sqrt {23}}\right )}{276 \sqrt {-\frac {i}{i+\sqrt {23}}} \sqrt {-3+x^2-2 x^4}} \] Input:

Integrate[(-3 + x^2 - 2*x^4)^(-3/2),x]
 

Output:

(-4*Sqrt[(-I)/(I + Sqrt[23])]*x*(11 + 2*x^2) - (-I + Sqrt[23])*Sqrt[(I + S 
qrt[23] - (4*I)*x^2)/(I + Sqrt[23])]*Sqrt[(-I + Sqrt[23] + (4*I)*x^2)/(-I 
+ Sqrt[23])]*EllipticE[I*ArcSinh[2*Sqrt[(-I)/(I + Sqrt[23])]*x], (I + Sqrt 
[23])/(I - Sqrt[23])] + (23*I + Sqrt[23])*Sqrt[(I + Sqrt[23] - (4*I)*x^2)/ 
(I + Sqrt[23])]*Sqrt[(-I + Sqrt[23] + (4*I)*x^2)/(-I + Sqrt[23])]*Elliptic 
F[I*ArcSinh[2*Sqrt[(-I)/(I + Sqrt[23])]*x], (I + Sqrt[23])/(I - Sqrt[23])] 
)/(276*Sqrt[(-I)/(I + Sqrt[23])]*Sqrt[-3 + x^2 - 2*x^4])
 

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.61 (sec) , antiderivative size = 256, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.03, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.429, Rules used = {1405, 27, 1511, 27, 1416, 1509}

Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.

\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\left (-2 x^4+x^2-3\right )^{3/2}} \, dx\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1405

\(\displaystyle -\frac {1}{69} \int \frac {2 \left (6-x^2\right )}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx-\frac {x \left (2 x^2+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 27

\(\displaystyle -\frac {2}{69} \int \frac {6-x^2}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx-\frac {x \left (2 x^2+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1511

\(\displaystyle -\frac {2}{69} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (12-\sqrt {6}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx+\sqrt {\frac {3}{2}} \int \frac {3-\sqrt {6} x^2}{3 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx\right )-\frac {x \left (2 x^2+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 27

\(\displaystyle -\frac {2}{69} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (12-\sqrt {6}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx+\frac {\int \frac {3-\sqrt {6} x^2}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx}{\sqrt {6}}\right )-\frac {x \left (2 x^2+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1416

\(\displaystyle -\frac {2}{69} \left (\frac {\int \frac {3-\sqrt {6} x^2}{\sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}dx}{\sqrt {6}}+\frac {\left (12-\sqrt {6}\right ) \left (\sqrt {6} x^2+3\right ) \sqrt {\frac {2 x^4-x^2+3}{\left (\sqrt {6} x^2+3\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3}} x\right ),\frac {1}{24} \left (12+\sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{6} \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\right )-\frac {x \left (2 x^2+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1509

\(\displaystyle -\frac {2}{69} \left (\frac {\left (12-\sqrt {6}\right ) \left (\sqrt {6} x^2+3\right ) \sqrt {\frac {2 x^4-x^2+3}{\left (\sqrt {6} x^2+3\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3}} x\right ),\frac {1}{24} \left (12+\sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{4 \sqrt [4]{6} \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}+\frac {\frac {3^{3/4} \left (\sqrt {6} x^2+3\right ) \sqrt {\frac {2 x^4-x^2+3}{\left (\sqrt {6} x^2+3\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{\frac {2}{3}} x\right )|\frac {1}{24} \left (12+\sqrt {6}\right )\right )}{\sqrt [4]{2} \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}+\frac {3 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3} x}{\sqrt {6} x^2+3}}{\sqrt {6}}\right )-\frac {x \left (2 x^2+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^4+x^2-3}}\)

Input:

Int[(-3 + x^2 - 2*x^4)^(-3/2),x]
 

Output:

-1/69*(x*(11 + 2*x^2))/Sqrt[-3 + x^2 - 2*x^4] - (2*(((3*x*Sqrt[-3 + x^2 - 
2*x^4])/(3 + Sqrt[6]*x^2) + (3^(3/4)*(3 + Sqrt[6]*x^2)*Sqrt[(3 - x^2 + 2*x 
^4)/(3 + Sqrt[6]*x^2)^2]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[(2/3)^(1/4)*x], (12 + Sqrt[6]) 
/24])/(2^(1/4)*Sqrt[-3 + x^2 - 2*x^4]))/Sqrt[6] + ((12 - Sqrt[6])*(3 + Sqr 
t[6]*x^2)*Sqrt[(3 - x^2 + 2*x^4)/(3 + Sqrt[6]*x^2)^2]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[( 
2/3)^(1/4)*x], (12 + Sqrt[6])/24])/(4*6^(1/4)*Sqrt[-3 + x^2 - 2*x^4])))/69
 

Defintions of rubi rules used

rule 27

Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a   Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] &&  !Ma 
tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
 

rule 1405

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-x)*(b^2 
- 2*a*c + b*c*x^2)*((a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1)/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c)) 
), x] + Simp[1/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c))   Int[(b^2 - 2*a*c + 2*(p + 1)*( 
b^2 - 4*a*c) + b*c*(4*p + 7)*x^2)*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1), x], x] /; Fr 
eeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && LtQ[p, -1] && IntegerQ[2*p]
 

rule 1416

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[c 
/a, 4]}, Simp[(1 + q^2*x^2)*(Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2)^2)]/ 
(2*q*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]))*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2 - b*(q^2/(4*c)) 
], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && PosQ[c/a]
 

rule 1509

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbo 
l] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 4]}, Simp[(-d)*x*(Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]/(a*(1 + q 
^2*x^2))), x] + Simp[d*(1 + q^2*x^2)*(Sqrt[(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(a*(1 + q^2* 
x^2)^2)]/(q*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]))*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2 - b*(q^2 
/(4*c))], x] /; EqQ[e + d*q^2, 0]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 
- 4*a*c, 0] && PosQ[c/a]
 

rule 1511

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbo 
l] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 2]}, Simp[(e + d*q)/q   Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^ 
4], x], x] - Simp[e/q   Int[(1 - q*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4], x], x] /; 
NeQ[e + d*q, 0]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && Pos 
Q[c/a]
 

Maple [C] (verified)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 1.78 (sec) , antiderivative size = 231, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.93

method	result	size
risch	\(-\frac {x \left (2 x^{2}+11\right )}{69 \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}-\frac {24 \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}-\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )}{23 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}+\frac {24 \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}-\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )\right )}{23 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {23}\right )}\)	\(231\)
default	\(\frac {-\frac {11}{69} x -\frac {2}{69} x^{3}}{\sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}-\frac {24 \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}-\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )}{23 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}+\frac {24 \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}-\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )\right )}{23 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {23}\right )}\)	\(232\)
elliptic	\(\frac {-\frac {11}{69} x -\frac {2}{69} x^{3}}{\sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}-\frac {24 \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}-\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )}{23 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}+\frac {24 \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}-\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {i \sqrt {23}}{6}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, x}{6}, \frac {\sqrt {-33+3 i \sqrt {23}}}{6}\right )\right )}{23 \sqrt {6-6 i \sqrt {23}}\, \sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {23}\right )}\)	\(232\)

Input:

int(1/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(3/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)
 

Output:

-1/69*x*(2*x^2+11)/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(1/2)-24/23/(6-6*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1-(1 
/6-1/6*I*23^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)*(1-(1/6+1/6*I*23^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)/(-2*x^4+x 
^2-3)^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/6*(6-6*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2)*x,1/6*(-33+3*I*23^(1/2))^ 
(1/2))+24/23/(6-6*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1-(1/6-1/6*I*23^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)*(1- 
(1/6+1/6*I*23^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(1/2)/(1+I*23^(1/2))*(Ellip 
ticF(1/6*(6-6*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2)*x,1/6*(-33+3*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2))-EllipticE( 
1/6*(6-6*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2)*x,1/6*(-33+3*I*23^(1/2))^(1/2)))
 

Fricas [A] (verification not implemented)

Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 163, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.65 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {-3} {\left (2 \, x^{4} - x^{2} + \sqrt {-23} {\left (2 \, x^{4} - x^{2} + 3\right )} + 3\right )} \sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {-23} + \frac {1}{6}} E(\arcsin \left (x \sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {-23} + \frac {1}{6}}\right )\,|\,-\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {-23} - \frac {11}{12}) + \sqrt {-3} {\left (10 \, x^{4} - 5 \, x^{2} - 7 \, \sqrt {-23} {\left (2 \, x^{4} - x^{2} + 3\right )} + 15\right )} \sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {-23} + \frac {1}{6}} F(\arcsin \left (x \sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {-23} + \frac {1}{6}}\right )\,|\,-\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {-23} - \frac {11}{12}) + 6 \, \sqrt {-2 \, x^{4} + x^{2} - 3} {\left (2 \, x^{3} + 11 \, x\right )}}{414 \, {\left (2 \, x^{4} - x^{2} + 3\right )}} \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="fricas")
 

Output:

1/414*(sqrt(-3)*(2*x^4 - x^2 + sqrt(-23)*(2*x^4 - x^2 + 3) + 3)*sqrt(1/6*s 
qrt(-23) + 1/6)*elliptic_e(arcsin(x*sqrt(1/6*sqrt(-23) + 1/6)), -1/12*sqrt 
(-23) - 11/12) + sqrt(-3)*(10*x^4 - 5*x^2 - 7*sqrt(-23)*(2*x^4 - x^2 + 3) 
+ 15)*sqrt(1/6*sqrt(-23) + 1/6)*elliptic_f(arcsin(x*sqrt(1/6*sqrt(-23) + 1 
/6)), -1/12*sqrt(-23) - 11/12) + 6*sqrt(-2*x^4 + x^2 - 3)*(2*x^3 + 11*x))/ 
(2*x^4 - x^2 + 3)
 

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (- 2 x^{4} + x^{2} - 3\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x**4+x**2-3)**(3/2),x)
 

Output:

Integral((-2*x**4 + x**2 - 3)**(-3/2), x)
 

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (-2 \, x^{4} + x^{2} - 3\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="maxima")
 

Output:

integrate((-2*x^4 + x^2 - 3)^(-3/2), x)
 

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (-2 \, x^{4} + x^{2} - 3\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(1/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(3/2),x, algorithm="giac")
 

Output:

integrate((-2*x^4 + x^2 - 3)^(-3/2), x)
 

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{{\left (-2\,x^4+x^2-3\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \] Input:

int(1/(x^2 - 2*x^4 - 3)^(3/2),x)
 

Output:

int(1/(x^2 - 2*x^4 - 3)^(3/2), x)
 

Reduce [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (-3+x^2-2 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {-2 x^{4}+x^{2}-3}}{4 x^{8}-4 x^{6}+13 x^{4}-6 x^{2}+9}d x \] Input:

int(1/(-2*x^4+x^2-3)^(3/2),x)
 

Output:

int(sqrt( - 2*x**4 + x**2 - 3)/(4*x**8 - 4*x**6 + 13*x**4 - 6*x**2 + 9),x)