\(\int \frac {1}{(2+5 x^2-9 x^4)^{3/2}} \, dx\) [310]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 16, antiderivative size = 133 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {2+5 x^2-9 x^4}}+\frac {5}{194} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {97}\right )} E\left (\arcsin \left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{36} \left (-61-5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right )+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {\frac {1}{194} \left (-5+\sqrt {97}\right )} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right ),\frac {1}{36} \left (-61-5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right ) \] Output:

1/194*x*(-45*x^2+61)/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(1/2)+5/388*(-10+2*97^(1/2))^(1/2)*E 
llipticE(3*2^(1/2)/(5+97^(1/2))^(1/2)*x,5/12*I*2^(1/2)+1/12*I*194^(1/2))+1 
/388*(-970+194*97^(1/2))^(1/2)*EllipticF(3*2^(1/2)/(5+97^(1/2))^(1/2)*x,5/ 
12*I*2^(1/2)+1/12*I*194^(1/2))
 

Mathematica [C] (warning: unable to verify)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 6.50 (sec) , antiderivative size = 164, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.23 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {1}{388} \left (\frac {122 x}{\sqrt {2+5 x^2-9 x^4}}-\frac {90 x^3}{\sqrt {2+5 x^2-9 x^4}}+5 i \sqrt {2 \left (5+\sqrt {97}\right )} E\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{-5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{36} \left (-61+5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right )-i \sqrt {\frac {2}{5+\sqrt {97}}} \left (97+5 \sqrt {97}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{-5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right ),\frac {1}{36} \left (-61+5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right )\right ) \] Input:

Integrate[(2 + 5*x^2 - 9*x^4)^(-3/2),x]
 

Output:

((122*x)/Sqrt[2 + 5*x^2 - 9*x^4] - (90*x^3)/Sqrt[2 + 5*x^2 - 9*x^4] + (5*I 
)*Sqrt[2*(5 + Sqrt[97])]*EllipticE[I*ArcSinh[3*Sqrt[2/(-5 + Sqrt[97])]*x], 
 (-61 + 5*Sqrt[97])/36] - I*Sqrt[2/(5 + Sqrt[97])]*(97 + 5*Sqrt[97])*Ellip 
ticF[I*ArcSinh[3*Sqrt[2/(-5 + Sqrt[97])]*x], (-61 + 5*Sqrt[97])/36])/388
 

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.54 (sec) , antiderivative size = 145, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.375, Rules used = {1405, 27, 1494, 399, 321, 327}

Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.

\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\left (-9 x^4+5 x^2+2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1405

\(\displaystyle \frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}-\frac {1}{194} \int -\frac {9 \left (5 x^2+4\right )}{\sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}dx\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 27

\(\displaystyle \frac {9}{194} \int \frac {5 x^2+4}{\sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}dx+\frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1494

\(\displaystyle \frac {27}{97} \int \frac {5 x^2+4}{\sqrt {-18 x^2+\sqrt {97}+5} \sqrt {18 x^2+\sqrt {97}-5}}dx+\frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 399

\(\displaystyle \frac {27}{97} \left (\frac {1}{18} \left (97-5 \sqrt {97}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-18 x^2+\sqrt {97}+5} \sqrt {18 x^2+\sqrt {97}-5}}dx+\frac {5}{18} \int \frac {\sqrt {18 x^2+\sqrt {97}-5}}{\sqrt {-18 x^2+\sqrt {97}+5}}dx\right )+\frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 321

\(\displaystyle \frac {27}{97} \left (\frac {5}{18} \int \frac {\sqrt {18 x^2+\sqrt {97}-5}}{\sqrt {-18 x^2+\sqrt {97}+5}}dx+\frac {\left (97-5 \sqrt {97}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right ),\frac {1}{36} \left (-61-5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right )}{54 \sqrt {2 \left (\sqrt {97}-5\right )}}\right )+\frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 327

\(\displaystyle \frac {27}{97} \left (\frac {\left (97-5 \sqrt {97}\right ) \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right ),\frac {1}{36} \left (-61-5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right )}{54 \sqrt {2 \left (\sqrt {97}-5\right )}}+\frac {5}{54} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (\sqrt {97}-5\right )} E\left (\arcsin \left (3 \sqrt {\frac {2}{5+\sqrt {97}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{36} \left (-61-5 \sqrt {97}\right )\right )\right )+\frac {x \left (61-45 x^2\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^4+5 x^2+2}}\)

Input:

Int[(2 + 5*x^2 - 9*x^4)^(-3/2),x]
 

Output:

(x*(61 - 45*x^2))/(194*Sqrt[2 + 5*x^2 - 9*x^4]) + (27*((5*Sqrt[(-5 + Sqrt[ 
97])/2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[3*Sqrt[2/(5 + Sqrt[97])]*x], (-61 - 5*Sqrt[97])/3 
6])/54 + ((97 - 5*Sqrt[97])*EllipticF[ArcSin[3*Sqrt[2/(5 + Sqrt[97])]*x], 
(-61 - 5*Sqrt[97])/36])/(54*Sqrt[2*(-5 + Sqrt[97])])))/97
 

Defintions of rubi rules used

rule 27

Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a   Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] &&  !Ma 
tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
 

rule 321

Int[1/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2]), x_Symbol] :> S 
imp[(1/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c]*Rt[-d/c, 2]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[Rt[-d/c, 2]*x], b*(c 
/(a*d))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[d/c] && GtQ[c, 0] && GtQ[a, 
0] &&  !(NegQ[b/a] && SimplerSqrtQ[-b/a, -d/c])
 

rule 327

Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]/Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Simp[ 
(Sqrt[a]/(Sqrt[c]*Rt[-d/c, 2]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[Rt[-d/c, 2]*x], b*(c/(a*d) 
)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[d/c] && GtQ[c, 0] && GtQ[a, 0]
 

rule 399

Int[((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^2)/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_) 
^2]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[f/b   Int[Sqrt[a + b*x^2]/Sqrt[c + d*x^2], x], x] + 
 Simp[(b*e - a*f)/b   Int[1/(Sqrt[a + b*x^2]*Sqrt[c + d*x^2]), x], x] /; Fr 
eeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] &&  !((PosQ[b/a] && PosQ[d/c]) || (NegQ[b/a] && 
(PosQ[d/c] || (GtQ[a, 0] && ( !GtQ[c, 0] || SimplerSqrtQ[-b/a, -d/c])))))
 

rule 1405

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-x)*(b^2 
- 2*a*c + b*c*x^2)*((a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1)/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c)) 
), x] + Simp[1/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c))   Int[(b^2 - 2*a*c + 2*(p + 1)*( 
b^2 - 4*a*c) + b*c*(4*p + 7)*x^2)*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1), x], x] /; Fr 
eeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && LtQ[p, -1] && IntegerQ[2*p]
 

rule 1494

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbo 
l] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[-c]   Int[(d + e*x^2)/(Sqr 
t[b + q + 2*c*x^2]*Sqrt[-b + q - 2*c*x^2]), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e 
}, x] && GtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && LtQ[c, 0]
 

Maple [B] (verified)

Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 217 vs. \(2 (101 ) = 202\).

Time = 2.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 218, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.64

method	result	size
risch	\(-\frac {x \left (45 x^{2}-61\right )}{194 \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}+\frac {36 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}-\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )}{97 \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}\, \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}-\frac {180 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}-\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )\right )}{97 \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}\, \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}\, \left (5+\sqrt {97}\right )}\)	\(218\)
default	\(\frac {\frac {61}{194} x -\frac {45}{194} x^{3}}{\sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}+\frac {36 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}-\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )}{97 \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}\, \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}-\frac {180 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}-\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )\right )}{97 \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}\, \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}\, \left (5+\sqrt {97}\right )}\)	\(219\)
elliptic	\(\frac {\frac {61}{194} x -\frac {45}{194} x^{3}}{\sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}+\frac {36 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}-\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )}{97 \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}\, \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}-\frac {180 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}+\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {5}{4}-\frac {\sqrt {97}}{4}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (\operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )-\operatorname {EllipticE}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}}{2}, \frac {5 i \sqrt {2}}{12}+\frac {i \sqrt {194}}{12}\right )\right )}{97 \sqrt {-5+\sqrt {97}}\, \sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}\, \left (5+\sqrt {97}\right )}\)	\(219\)

Input:

int(1/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(3/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)
 

Output:

-1/194*x*(45*x^2-61)/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(1/2)+36/97/(-5+97^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1-( 
-5/4+1/4*97^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)*(1-(-5/4-1/4*97^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)/(-9*x^4+5* 
x^2+2)^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/2*x*(-5+97^(1/2))^(1/2),5/12*I*2^(1/2)+1/12*I*194 
^(1/2))-180/97/(-5+97^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1-(-5/4+1/4*97^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)*(1-(- 
5/4-1/4*97^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(1/2)/(5+97^(1/2))*(Elliptic 
F(1/2*x*(-5+97^(1/2))^(1/2),5/12*I*2^(1/2)+1/12*I*194^(1/2))-EllipticE(1/2 
*x*(-5+97^(1/2))^(1/2),5/12*I*2^(1/2)+1/12*I*194^(1/2)))
 

Fricas [A] (verification not implemented)

Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 172, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.29 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {5 \, {\left (\sqrt {97} \sqrt {2} {\left (9 \, x^{4} - 5 \, x^{2} - 2\right )} - 5 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (9 \, x^{4} - 5 \, x^{2} - 2\right )}\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {97} - 5} E(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x \sqrt {\sqrt {97} - 5}\right )\,|\,-\frac {5}{36} \, \sqrt {97} - \frac {61}{36}) - {\left (\sqrt {97} \sqrt {2} {\left (9 \, x^{4} - 5 \, x^{2} - 2\right )} - 45 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (9 \, x^{4} - 5 \, x^{2} - 2\right )}\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {97} - 5} F(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x \sqrt {\sqrt {97} - 5}\right )\,|\,-\frac {5}{36} \, \sqrt {97} - \frac {61}{36}) + 8 \, \sqrt {-9 \, x^{4} + 5 \, x^{2} + 2} {\left (45 \, x^{3} - 61 \, x\right )}}{1552 \, {\left (9 \, x^{4} - 5 \, x^{2} - 2\right )}} \] Input:

integrate(1/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(3/2),x, algorithm="fricas")
 

Output:

1/1552*(5*(sqrt(97)*sqrt(2)*(9*x^4 - 5*x^2 - 2) - 5*sqrt(2)*(9*x^4 - 5*x^2 
 - 2))*sqrt(sqrt(97) - 5)*elliptic_e(arcsin(1/2*x*sqrt(sqrt(97) - 5)), -5/ 
36*sqrt(97) - 61/36) - (sqrt(97)*sqrt(2)*(9*x^4 - 5*x^2 - 2) - 45*sqrt(2)* 
(9*x^4 - 5*x^2 - 2))*sqrt(sqrt(97) - 5)*elliptic_f(arcsin(1/2*x*sqrt(sqrt( 
97) - 5)), -5/36*sqrt(97) - 61/36) + 8*sqrt(-9*x^4 + 5*x^2 + 2)*(45*x^3 - 
61*x))/(9*x^4 - 5*x^2 - 2)
 

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (- 9 x^{4} + 5 x^{2} + 2\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \] Input:

integrate(1/(-9*x**4+5*x**2+2)**(3/2),x)
 

Output:

Integral((-9*x**4 + 5*x**2 + 2)**(-3/2), x)
 

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (-9 \, x^{4} + 5 \, x^{2} + 2\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(1/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(3/2),x, algorithm="maxima")
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
 

Output:

integrate((-9*x^4 + 5*x^2 + 2)^(-3/2), x)
 

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (-9 \, x^{4} + 5 \, x^{2} + 2\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(1/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(3/2),x, algorithm="giac")
 

Output:

integrate((-9*x^4 + 5*x^2 + 2)^(-3/2), x)
 

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{{\left (-9\,x^4+5\,x^2+2\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \] Input:

int(1/(5*x^2 - 9*x^4 + 2)^(3/2),x)
 

Output:

int(1/(5*x^2 - 9*x^4 + 2)^(3/2), x)
 

Reduce [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (2+5 x^2-9 x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {-9 x^{4}+5 x^{2}+2}}{81 x^{8}-90 x^{6}-11 x^{4}+20 x^{2}+4}d x \] Input:

int(1/(-9*x^4+5*x^2+2)^(3/2),x)
 

Output:

int(sqrt( - 9*x**4 + 5*x**2 + 2)/(81*x**8 - 90*x**6 - 11*x**4 + 20*x**2 + 
4),x)