Integrand size = 26, antiderivative size = 649 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\frac {3 \left (a+b x^2\right )}{2 a x \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {5 \left (a+b x^2\right )^2}{2 a^2 x \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {5 b x \left (1+\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )^{4/3}}{2 a \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3} \left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right )}+\frac {5 \sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )^{4/3} \left (1-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}+\left (1+\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )^{2/3}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}{1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{4 x \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right )^2}}}-\frac {5 \left (1+\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )^{4/3} \left (1-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}+\left (1+\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )^{2/3}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}{1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3} x \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}\right )^2}}} \] Output:
3/2*(b*x^2+a)/a/x/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3)-5/2*(b*x^2+a)^2/a^2/x/(b^2 *x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3)-5/2*b*x*(1+b*x^2/a)^(4/3)/a/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a ^2)^(2/3)/(1-3^(1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))+5/4*3^(1/4)*(1/2*6^(1/2)+1/2*2^(1/ 2))*(1+b*x^2/a)^(4/3)*(1-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))*((1+(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3)+(1+b*x^2 /a)^(2/3))/(1-3^(1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))^2)^(1/2)*EllipticE((1+3^(1/2)-(1+ b*x^2/a)^(1/3))/(1-3^(1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))/x/(b^2*x^4+2* a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3)/(-(1-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))/(1-3^(1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))^2 )^(1/2)-5/6*(1+b*x^2/a)^(4/3)*(1-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))*((1+(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3)+ (1+b*x^2/a)^(2/3))/(1-3^(1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))^2)^(1/2)*EllipticF((1+3^( 1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))/(1-3^(1/2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*2^(1/ 2)*3^(3/4)/x/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3)/(-(1-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))/(1-3^(1 /2)-(1+b*x^2/a)^(1/3))^2)^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 5.55 (sec) , antiderivative size = 61, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.09 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right ) \sqrt [3]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {1}{2},\frac {4}{3},\frac {1}{2},-\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )}{a x \left (\left (a+b x^2\right )^2\right )^{2/3}} \] Input:
Integrate[1/(x^2*(a^2 + 2*a*b*x^2 + b^2*x^4)^(2/3)),x]
Output:
-(((a + b*x^2)*(1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3)*Hypergeometric2F1[-1/2, 4/3, 1/2, -(( b*x^2)/a)])/(a*x*((a + b*x^2)^2)^(2/3)))
Time = 0.81 (sec) , antiderivative size = 598, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.92, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.269, Rules used = {1385, 253, 264, 233, 833, 760, 2418}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1385 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3}}dx}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 253 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \left (\frac {5}{2} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}dx+\frac {3}{2 x \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}\right )}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 264 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \left (\frac {5}{2} \left (\frac {b \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}dx}{3 a}-\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}}{x}\right )+\frac {3}{2 x \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}\right )}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 233 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \left (\frac {5}{2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}{\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}}}d\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}{2 x}-\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}}{x}\right )+\frac {3}{2 x \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}\right )}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 833 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \left (\frac {5}{2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}}}d\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+\sqrt {3}+1}{\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}}}d\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}\right )}{2 x}-\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}}{x}\right )+\frac {3}{2 x \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}\right )}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 760 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \left (\frac {5}{2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \left (-\int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+\sqrt {3}+1}{\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}}}d\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \left (1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+1}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+\sqrt {3}+1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}}}\right )}{2 x}-\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}}{x}\right )+\frac {3}{2 x \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}\right )}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2418 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{4/3} \left (\frac {5}{2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \left (-\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \left (1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+1}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+\sqrt {3}+1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} \left (1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+1}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}+\sqrt {3}+1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {\frac {b x^2}{a}}}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right )}{2 x}-\frac {\left (\frac {b x^2}{a}+1\right )^{2/3}}{x}\right )+\frac {3}{2 x \sqrt [3]{\frac {b x^2}{a}+1}}\right )}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}}\) |
Input:
Int[1/(x^2*(a^2 + 2*a*b*x^2 + b^2*x^4)^(2/3)),x]
Output:
((1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(4/3)*(3/(2*x*(1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3)) + (5*(-((1 + (b*x^2) /a)^(2/3)/x) + (Sqrt[(b*x^2)/a]*((-2*Sqrt[(b*x^2)/a])/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3)) + (3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*(1 - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3)) *Sqrt[(1 + (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3) + (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(2/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - ( 1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3))^2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[(1 + Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^( 1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3))], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(Sqrt[(b*x^ 2)/a]*Sqrt[-((1 - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1 /3))^2)]) - (2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(1 + Sqrt[3])*(1 - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3)) *Sqrt[(1 + (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3) + (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(2/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - ( 1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3))^2]*EllipticF[ArcSin[(1 + Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^( 1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3))], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(3^(1/4)*Sq rt[(b*x^2)/a]*Sqrt[-((1 - (1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 + (b*x^ 2)/a)^(1/3))^2)])))/(2*x)))/2))/(a^2 + 2*a*b*x^2 + b^2*x^4)^(2/3)
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1/3), x_Symbol] :> Simp[3*(Sqrt[b*x^2]/(2*b*x)) Subst[Int[x/Sqrt[-a + x^3], x], x, (a + b*x^2)^(1/3)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b }, x]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(c*x )^(m + 1))*((a + b*x^2)^(p + 1)/(2*a*c*(p + 1))), x] + Simp[(m + 2*p + 3)/( 2*a*(p + 1)) Int[(c*x)^m*(a + b*x^2)^(p + 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, m }, x] && LtQ[p, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x)^( m + 1)*((a + b*x^2)^(p + 1)/(a*c*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[b*((m + 2*p + 3)/(a*c ^2*(m + 1))) Int[(c*x)^(m + 2)*(a + b*x^2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p }, x] && LtQ[m, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s *x + r^2*x^2)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(3^(1/4)*r*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(- s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3]) *s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x ] && NegQ[a]
Int[(x_)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3] ], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[(-(1 + Sqrt[3]))*(s/r) Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x ^3], x], x] + Simp[1/r Int[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x], x ]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a]
Int[(u_.)*((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> S imp[a^IntPart[p]*((a + b*x^n + c*x^(2*n))^FracPart[p]/(1 + 2*c*(x^n/b))^(2* FracPart[p])) Int[u*(1 + 2*c*(x^n/b))^(2*p), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, n, p}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && EqQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && !IntegerQ[2*p] && NeQ[u, x^(n - 1)] && NeQ[u, x^(2*n - 1)]
Int[((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = N umer[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]], s = Denom[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c) ]]}, Simp[2*d*s^3*(Sqrt[a + b*x^3]/(a*r^2*((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x))), x] + S imp[3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*d*s*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/( (1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(r^2*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(-s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - S qrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[ 3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[a] && EqQ[b*c^3 - 2*(5 + 3*Sqrt[3])*a*d^3, 0]
\[\int \frac {1}{x^{2} \left (b^{2} x^{4}+2 a b \,x^{2}+a^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}d x\]
Input:
int(1/x^2/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3),x)
Output:
int(1/x^2/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3),x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{2}} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate(1/x^2/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3),x, algorithm="fricas")
Output:
integral((b^2*x^4 + 2*a*b*x^2 + a^2)^(1/3)/(b^2*x^6 + 2*a*b*x^4 + a^2*x^2) , x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^{2} \left (\left (a + b x^{2}\right )^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}\, dx \] Input:
integrate(1/x**2/(b**2*x**4+2*a*b*x**2+a**2)**(2/3),x)
Output:
Integral(1/(x**2*((a + b*x**2)**2)**(2/3)), x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{2}} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate(1/x^2/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3),x, algorithm="maxima")
Output:
integrate(1/((b^2*x^4 + 2*a*b*x^2 + a^2)^(2/3)*x^2), x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{2}} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate(1/x^2/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3),x, algorithm="giac")
Output:
integrate(1/((b^2*x^4 + 2*a*b*x^2 + a^2)^(2/3)*x^2), x)
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^2\,{\left (a^2+2\,a\,b\,x^2+b^2\,x^4\right )}^{2/3}} \,d x \] Input:
int(1/(x^2*(a^2 + b^2*x^4 + 2*a*b*x^2)^(2/3)),x)
Output:
int(1/(x^2*(a^2 + b^2*x^4 + 2*a*b*x^2)^(2/3)), x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a^2+2 a b x^2+b^2 x^4\right )^{2/3}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (b^{2} x^{4}+2 a b \,x^{2}+a^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{2}}d x \] Input:
int(1/x^2/(b^2*x^4+2*a*b*x^2+a^2)^(2/3),x)
Output:
int(1/((a**2 + 2*a*b*x**2 + b**2*x**4)**(2/3)*x**2),x)