\(\int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx\) [143]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 16, antiderivative size = 117 \[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\frac {2 x^{1+m} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (1,\frac {1+m}{4},\frac {5+m}{4},\frac {2 x^4}{3-\sqrt {5}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \left (3-\sqrt {5}\right ) (1+m)}-\frac {2 x^{1+m} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (1,\frac {1+m}{4},\frac {5+m}{4},\frac {2 x^4}{3+\sqrt {5}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right ) (1+m)} \] Output:

2/5*x^(1+m)*hypergeom([1, 1/4+1/4*m],[5/4+1/4*m],2*x^4/(3-5^(1/2)))*5^(1/2 
)/(3-5^(1/2))/(1+m)-2/5*x^(1+m)*hypergeom([1, 1/4+1/4*m],[5/4+1/4*m],2*x^4 
/(3+5^(1/2)))*5^(1/2)/(3+5^(1/2))/(1+m)
 

Mathematica [C] (warning: unable to verify)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 5 in optimal.

Time = 0.97 (sec) , antiderivative size = 575, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.91 \[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\frac {x^m \left (-\text {RootSum}\left [-1-\text {$\#$1}^2+\text {$\#$1}^4\&,\frac {\operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m}}{-\text {$\#$1}+2 \text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ]+\frac {\text {RootSum}\left [-1-\text {$\#$1}^2+\text {$\#$1}^4\&,\frac {m x^2+m^2 x^2+2 m x \text {$\#$1}+m^2 x \text {$\#$1}+2 \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2+3 m \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2+m^2 \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2+m \left (\frac {x}{\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2}{-\text {$\#$1}+2 \text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ]-\left (2+3 m+m^2\right ) \text {RootSum}\left [-1+\text {$\#$1}^2+\text {$\#$1}^4\&,\frac {\operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m}}{\text {$\#$1}+2 \text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ]-\text {RootSum}\left [-1+\text {$\#$1}^2+\text {$\#$1}^4\&,\frac {m x^2+m^2 x^2+2 m x \text {$\#$1}+m^2 x \text {$\#$1}+2 \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2+3 m \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2+m^2 \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-m,-m,1-m,-\frac {\text {$\#$1}}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \left (\frac {x}{x-\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2+m \left (\frac {x}{\text {$\#$1}}\right )^{-m} \text {$\#$1}^2}{\text {$\#$1}+2 \text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ]}{2+3 m+m^2}\right )}{4 m} \] Input:

Integrate[x^m/(1 - 3*x^4 + x^8),x]
 

Output:

(x^m*(-RootSum[-1 - #1^2 + #1^4 & , Hypergeometric2F1[-m, -m, 1 - m, -(#1/ 
(x - #1))]/((x/(x - #1))^m*(-#1 + 2*#1^3)) & ] + (RootSum[-1 - #1^2 + #1^4 
 & , (m*x^2 + m^2*x^2 + 2*m*x*#1 + m^2*x*#1 + (2*Hypergeometric2F1[-m, -m, 
 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]*#1^2)/(x/(x - #1))^m + (3*m*Hypergeometric2F1[-m, 
-m, 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]*#1^2)/(x/(x - #1))^m + (m^2*Hypergeometric2F1[- 
m, -m, 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]*#1^2)/(x/(x - #1))^m + (m*#1^2)/(x/#1)^m)/(- 
#1 + 2*#1^3) & ] - (2 + 3*m + m^2)*RootSum[-1 + #1^2 + #1^4 & , Hypergeome 
tric2F1[-m, -m, 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]/((x/(x - #1))^m*(#1 + 2*#1^3)) & ] 
- RootSum[-1 + #1^2 + #1^4 & , (m*x^2 + m^2*x^2 + 2*m*x*#1 + m^2*x*#1 + (2 
*Hypergeometric2F1[-m, -m, 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]*#1^2)/(x/(x - #1))^m + ( 
3*m*Hypergeometric2F1[-m, -m, 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]*#1^2)/(x/(x - #1))^m 
+ (m^2*Hypergeometric2F1[-m, -m, 1 - m, -(#1/(x - #1))]*#1^2)/(x/(x - #1)) 
^m + (m*#1^2)/(x/#1)^m)/(#1 + 2*#1^3) & ])/(2 + 3*m + m^2)))/(4*m)
 

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 117, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.188, Rules used = {1711, 27, 888}

Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.

\(\displaystyle \int \frac {x^m}{x^8-3 x^4+1} \, dx\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 1711

\(\displaystyle \frac {\int -\frac {2 x^m}{-2 x^4+\sqrt {5}+3}dx}{\sqrt {5}}-\frac {\int -\frac {2 x^m}{-2 x^4-\sqrt {5}+3}dx}{\sqrt {5}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 27

\(\displaystyle \frac {2 \int \frac {x^m}{-2 x^4-\sqrt {5}+3}dx}{\sqrt {5}}-\frac {2 \int \frac {x^m}{-2 x^4+\sqrt {5}+3}dx}{\sqrt {5}}\)

\(\Big \downarrow \) 888

\(\displaystyle \frac {2 x^{m+1} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (1,\frac {m+1}{4},\frac {m+5}{4},\frac {2 x^4}{3-\sqrt {5}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \left (3-\sqrt {5}\right ) (m+1)}-\frac {2 x^{m+1} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (1,\frac {m+1}{4},\frac {m+5}{4},\frac {2 x^4}{3+\sqrt {5}}\right )}{\sqrt {5} \left (3+\sqrt {5}\right ) (m+1)}\)

Input:

Int[x^m/(1 - 3*x^4 + x^8),x]
 

Output:

(2*x^(1 + m)*Hypergeometric2F1[1, (1 + m)/4, (5 + m)/4, (2*x^4)/(3 - Sqrt[ 
5])])/(Sqrt[5]*(3 - Sqrt[5])*(1 + m)) - (2*x^(1 + m)*Hypergeometric2F1[1, 
(1 + m)/4, (5 + m)/4, (2*x^4)/(3 + Sqrt[5])])/(Sqrt[5]*(3 + Sqrt[5])*(1 + 
m))
 

Defintions of rubi rules used

rule 27

Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a   Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] &&  !Ma 
tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
 

rule 888

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a^p 
*((c*x)^(m + 1)/(c*(m + 1)))*Hypergeometric2F1[-p, (m + 1)/n, (m + 1)/n + 1 
, (-b)*(x^n/a)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, m, n, p}, x] &&  !IGtQ[p, 0] && (ILt 
Q[p, 0] || GtQ[a, 0])
 

rule 1711

Int[((d_.)*(x_))^(m_.)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symb 
ol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Simp[c/q   Int[(d*x)^m/(b/2 - q/2 + c 
*x^n), x], x] - Simp[c/q   Int[(d*x)^m/(b/2 + q/2 + c*x^n), x], x]] /; Free 
Q[{a, b, c, d, m}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0]
 

Maple [F]

\[\int \frac {x^{m}}{x^{8}-3 x^{4}+1}d x\]

Input:

int(x^m/(x^8-3*x^4+1),x)
 

Output:

int(x^m/(x^8-3*x^4+1),x)
 

Fricas [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{m}}{x^{8} - 3 \, x^{4} + 1} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(x^m/(x^8-3*x^4+1),x, algorithm="fricas")
 

Output:

integral(x^m/(x^8 - 3*x^4 + 1), x)
 

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{m}}{\left (x^{4} - x^{2} - 1\right ) \left (x^{4} + x^{2} - 1\right )}\, dx \] Input:

integrate(x**m/(x**8-3*x**4+1),x)
 

Output:

Integral(x**m/((x**4 - x**2 - 1)*(x**4 + x**2 - 1)), x)
 

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{m}}{x^{8} - 3 \, x^{4} + 1} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(x^m/(x^8-3*x^4+1),x, algorithm="maxima")
 

Output:

integrate(x^m/(x^8 - 3*x^4 + 1), x)
 

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{m}}{x^{8} - 3 \, x^{4} + 1} \,d x } \] Input:

integrate(x^m/(x^8-3*x^4+1),x, algorithm="giac")
 

Output:

integrate(x^m/(x^8 - 3*x^4 + 1), x)
 

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\int \frac {x^m}{x^8-3\,x^4+1} \,d x \] Input:

int(x^m/(x^8 - 3*x^4 + 1),x)
 

Output:

int(x^m/(x^8 - 3*x^4 + 1), x)
 

Reduce [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^m}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{m}}{x^{8}-3 x^{4}+1}d x \] Input:

int(x^m/(x^8-3*x^4+1),x)
 

Output:

int(x**m/(x**8 - 3*x**4 + 1),x)