Integrand size = 11, antiderivative size = 225 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}-\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}+\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b}+\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-(-1)^{2/3} b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt {a^{2/3}-(-1)^{2/3} b^{2/3}}}-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{b}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{-1} b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{-1} b^{2/3}}} \] Output:
-2/3*arctan((b^(1/3)-a^(1/3)*tan(1/2*x))/(a^(2/3)-b^(2/3))^(1/2))/a^(2/3)/ (a^(2/3)-b^(2/3))^(1/2)+2/3*arctan(((-1)^(1/3)*b^(1/3)+a^(1/3)*tan(1/2*x)) /(a^(2/3)-(-1)^(2/3)*b^(2/3))^(1/2))/a^(2/3)/(a^(2/3)-(-1)^(2/3)*b^(2/3))^ (1/2)-2/3*arctan((-1)^(2/3)*(b^(1/3)+(-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*tan(1/2*x))/(a^(2/ 3)+(-1)^(1/3)*b^(2/3))^(1/2))/a^(2/3)/(a^(2/3)+(-1)^(1/3)*b^(2/3))^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 5.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 111, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.49 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=\frac {2}{3} i \text {RootSum}\left [i b-3 i b \text {$\#$1}^2+8 a \text {$\#$1}^3+3 i b \text {$\#$1}^4-i b \text {$\#$1}^6\&,\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sin (x)}{\cos (x)-\text {$\#$1}}\right ) \text {$\#$1}-i \log \left (1-2 \cos (x) \text {$\#$1}+\text {$\#$1}^2\right ) \text {$\#$1}}{b+4 i a \text {$\#$1}-2 b \text {$\#$1}^2+b \text {$\#$1}^4}\&\right ] \] Input:
Integrate[(a - b*Sin[x]^3)^(-1),x]
Output:
((2*I)/3)*RootSum[I*b - (3*I)*b*#1^2 + 8*a*#1^3 + (3*I)*b*#1^4 - I*b*#1^6 & , (2*ArcTan[Sin[x]/(Cos[x] - #1)]*#1 - I*Log[1 - 2*Cos[x]*#1 + #1^2]*#1) /(b + (4*I)*a*#1 - 2*b*#1^2 + b*#1^4) & ]
Time = 0.60 (sec) , antiderivative size = 225, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.273, Rules used = {3042, 3692, 2009}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin (x)^3}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3692 |
\(\displaystyle \int \left (\frac {1}{3 a^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} \sin (x)\right )}+\frac {1}{3 a^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} \sin (x)\right )}+\frac {1}{3 a^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} \sin (x)\right )}\right )dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2009 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{b}-\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt {a^{2/3}-b^{2/3}}}+\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b}}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}-(-1)^{2/3} b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt {a^{2/3}-(-1)^{2/3} b^{2/3}}}-\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \left (\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+\sqrt [3]{b}\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{-1} b^{2/3}}}\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt {a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{-1} b^{2/3}}}\) |
Input:
Int[(a - b*Sin[x]^3)^(-1),x]
Output:
(-2*ArcTan[(b^(1/3) - a^(1/3)*Tan[x/2])/Sqrt[a^(2/3) - b^(2/3)]])/(3*a^(2/ 3)*Sqrt[a^(2/3) - b^(2/3)]) + (2*ArcTan[((-1)^(1/3)*b^(1/3) + a^(1/3)*Tan[ x/2])/Sqrt[a^(2/3) - (-1)^(2/3)*b^(2/3)]])/(3*a^(2/3)*Sqrt[a^(2/3) - (-1)^ (2/3)*b^(2/3)]) - (2*ArcTan[((-1)^(2/3)*(b^(1/3) + (-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*Tan[ x/2]))/Sqrt[a^(2/3) + (-1)^(1/3)*b^(2/3)]])/(3*a^(2/3)*Sqrt[a^(2/3) + (-1) ^(1/3)*b^(2/3)])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*((c_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Int[ExpandTrig[(a + b*(c*sin[e + f*x])^n)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, e, f , n}, x] && (IGtQ[p, 0] || (EqQ[p, -1] && IntegerQ[n]))
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 75, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.33
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (a \,\textit {\_Z}^{6}+3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}-8 b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}+3 a \,\textit {\_Z}^{2}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\textit {\_R}^{4}+2 \textit {\_R}^{2}+1\right ) \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{5} a +2 \textit {\_R}^{3} a -4 \textit {\_R}^{2} b +a \textit {\_R}}\right )}{3}\) | \(75\) |
risch | \(\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (1+\left (729 a^{6}-729 a^{4} b^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{6}+243 a^{4} \textit {\_Z}^{4}+27 a^{2} \textit {\_Z}^{2}\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+\left (\frac {486 a^{6}}{b}-486 a^{4} b \right ) \textit {\_R}^{5}+\left (\frac {81 i a^{5}}{b}-81 i a^{3} b \right ) \textit {\_R}^{4}+\left (\frac {135 a^{4}}{b}+27 a^{2} b \right ) \textit {\_R}^{3}+\frac {27 i a^{3} \textit {\_R}^{2}}{b}+\frac {9 a^{2} \textit {\_R}}{b}+\frac {2 i a}{b}\right )\) | \(137\) |
Input:
int(1/(a-b*sin(x)^3),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)
Output:
1/3*sum((_R^4+2*_R^2+1)/(_R^5*a+2*_R^3*a-4*_R^2*b+_R*a)*ln(tan(1/2*x)-_R), _R=RootOf(_Z^6*a+3*_Z^4*a-8*_Z^3*b+3*_Z^2*a+a))
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.97 (sec) , antiderivative size = 18599, normalized size of antiderivative = 82.66 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \] Input:
integrate(1/(a-b*sin(x)^3),x, algorithm="fricas")
Output:
Too large to include
\[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{a - b \sin ^{3}{\left (x \right )}}\, dx \] Input:
integrate(1/(a-b*sin(x)**3),x)
Output:
Integral(1/(a - b*sin(x)**3), x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=\int { -\frac {1}{b \sin \left (x\right )^{3} - a} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate(1/(a-b*sin(x)^3),x, algorithm="maxima")
Output:
-integrate(1/(b*sin(x)^3 - a), x)
\[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=\int { -\frac {1}{b \sin \left (x\right )^{3} - a} \,d x } \] Input:
integrate(1/(a-b*sin(x)^3),x, algorithm="giac")
Output:
integrate(-1/(b*sin(x)^3 - a), x)
Time = 36.67 (sec) , antiderivative size = 570, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.53 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=\sum _{k=1}^6\ln \left (-\frac {8192\,a\,b^3\,\left (729\,a^5+243\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,a^4\,b+324\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,a^4\,\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )-972\,a^3\,b^2+a^3\,b\,\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )\,243+162\,a^3\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^2-648\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,a^2\,b^2\,\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )+216\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,a^2\,b\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^2+72\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,a^2\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^3+36\,a\,b\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^3+9\,a\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^4+24\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,b\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^4+4\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^5\right )}{{\mathrm {root}\left (d^6+27\,a^2\,d^4+243\,a^4\,d^2+729\,a^4\,\left (a^2-b^2\right ),d,k\right )}^5}\right )\,\mathrm {root}\left (729\,a^4\,b^2\,d^6-729\,a^6\,d^6-243\,a^4\,d^4-27\,a^2\,d^2-1,d,k\right ) \] Input:
int(1/(a - b*sin(x)^3),x)
Output:
symsum(log(-(8192*a*b^3*(4*tan(x/2)*root(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^5 + 9*a*root(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 7 29*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^4 + 729*a^5 - 972*a^3*b^2 + 162*a^3*root(d^6 + 2 7*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^2 + 72*a^2*tan(x/2)*r oot(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^3 + 243*a^ 4*b*tan(x/2) + 324*tan(x/2)*a^4*root(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729* a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k) + 24*b*tan(x/2)*root(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^4 + 36*a*b*root(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d ^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^3 + 243*b*a^3*root(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243* a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k) - 648*tan(x/2)*a^2*b^2*root(d^6 + 27* a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k) + 216*a^2*b*tan(x/2)*ro ot(d^6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^2))/root(d^ 6 + 27*a^2*d^4 + 243*a^4*d^2 + 729*a^4*(a^2 - b^2), d, k)^5)*root(729*a^4* b^2*d^6 - 729*a^6*d^6 - 243*a^4*d^4 - 27*a^2*d^2 - 1, d, k), k, 1, 6)
\[ \int \frac {1}{a-b \sin ^3(x)} \, dx=-\left (\int \frac {1}{\sin \left (x \right )^{3} b -a}d x \right ) \] Input:
int(1/(a-b*sin(x)^3),x)
Output:
- int(1/(sin(x)**3*b - a),x)