61.2.55 problem 55

Internal problem ID [12061]
Book : Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations. By Polyanin and Zaitsev. Second edition
Section : Chapter 1, section 1.2. Riccati Equation. 1.2.2. Equations Containing Power Functions
Problem number : 55
Date solved : Tuesday, January 28, 2025 at 06:50:17 PM
CAS classification : [_rational, _Riccati]

\begin{align*} \left (x^{2}-1\right ) y^{\prime }+\lambda \left (y^{2}-2 y x +1\right )&=0 \end{align*}

Solution by Maple

Time used: 0.017 (sec). Leaf size: 280

dsolve((x^2-1)*diff(y(x),x)+lambda*(y(x)^2-2*x*y(x)+1)=0,y(x), singsol=all)
 
\[ y = -\frac {2 \left (-\frac {x}{2}-\frac {1}{2}\right )^{2 \lambda } \left (\frac {x +1}{x -1}\right )^{\lambda } \left (\left (-\frac {x}{2}-\frac {1}{2}\right )^{-2 \lambda } \left (x +1\right ) \left (x -1\right )^{2} \operatorname {HeunCPrime}\left (0, 2 \lambda -1, 0, 0, \lambda ^{2}-\lambda +\frac {1}{2}, \frac {2}{x +1}\right )+8 \left (x -1\right )^{2} \operatorname {HeunCPrime}\left (0, -2 \lambda +1, 0, 0, \lambda ^{2}-\lambda +\frac {1}{2}, \frac {2}{x +1}\right ) c_{1} -8 \left (x +1\right )^{2} \left (\left (\frac {x +1}{x -1}\right )^{-\lambda } c_{1} \left (\left (\lambda -\frac {1}{2}\right ) x -\frac {\lambda }{2}+\frac {1}{2}\right ) \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [1-\lambda , 1-\lambda \right ], \left [-2 \lambda +2\right ], -\frac {2}{x -1}\right )+\frac {\lambda \left (\frac {x +1}{x -1}\right )^{\lambda } \left (-\frac {x}{2}-\frac {1}{2}\right )^{-2 \lambda } \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\lambda , \lambda \right ], \left [2 \lambda \right ], -\frac {2}{x -1}\right ) \left (x -1\right )}{16}\right )\right )}{\lambda \left (x +1\right )^{2} \left (8 c_{1} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [1-\lambda , 1-\lambda \right ], \left [-2 \lambda +2\right ], -\frac {2}{x -1}\right ) \left (-\frac {x}{2}-\frac {1}{2}\right )^{2 \lambda }+\left (\frac {x +1}{x -1}\right )^{2 \lambda } \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\lambda , \lambda \right ], \left [2 \lambda \right ], -\frac {2}{x -1}\right ) \left (x -1\right )\right )} \]

Solution by Mathematica

Time used: 0.414 (sec). Leaf size: 47

DSolve[(x^2-1)*D[y[x],x]+\[Lambda]*(y[x]^2-2*x*y[x]+1)==0,y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions -> True]
 
\begin{align*} y(x)\to \frac {\operatorname {LegendreQ}(\lambda ,x)+c_1 \operatorname {LegendreP}(\lambda ,x)}{\operatorname {LegendreQ}(\lambda -1,x)+c_1 \operatorname {LegendreP}(\lambda -1,x)} \\ y(x)\to \frac {\operatorname {LegendreP}(\lambda ,x)}{\operatorname {LegendreP}(\lambda -1,x)} \\ \end{align*}