83.23.18 problem 18

Internal problem ID [19299]
Book : A Text book for differentional equations for postgraduate students by Ray and Chaturvedi. First edition, 1958. BHASKAR press. INDIA
Section : Chapter V. Singular solutions. Exercise V at page 76
Problem number : 18
Date solved : Tuesday, January 28, 2025 at 01:25:13 PM
CAS classification : [[_homogeneous, `class G`]]

\begin{align*} {y^{\prime }}^{4}&=4 y \left (x y^{\prime }-2 y\right )^{2} \end{align*}

Solution by Maple

Time used: 0.099 (sec). Leaf size: 120

dsolve(diff(y(x),x)^4=4*y(x)*(x*diff(y(x),x)-2*y(x))^2,y(x), singsol=all)
 
\begin{align*} y \left (x \right ) &= \frac {x^{4}}{16} \\ y \left (x \right ) &= 0 \\ y \left (x \right ) \left (-x +\sqrt {x^{2}-4 \sqrt {y \left (x \right )}}\right )^{-\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{2} y \left (x \right )-4 y \left (x \right )^{{3}/{2}}}}{\sqrt {x^{2}-4 \sqrt {y \left (x \right )}}\, \sqrt {y \left (x \right )}}} \left (\sqrt {x^{2}-4 \sqrt {y \left (x \right )}}+x \right )^{\frac {2 \sqrt {x^{2} y \left (x \right )-4 y \left (x \right )^{{3}/{2}}}}{\sqrt {x^{2}-4 \sqrt {y \left (x \right )}}\, \sqrt {y \left (x \right )}}}-c_{1} &= 0 \\ \end{align*}

Solution by Mathematica

Time used: 4.060 (sec). Leaf size: 779

DSolve[D[y[x],x]^4==4*y[x]*(x*D[y[x],x]-2*y[x])^2,y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions -> True]
 
\begin{align*} \text {Solve}\left [\frac {\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {x^2 y(x)-4 y(x)^{3/2}}}{8 y(x)-2 x^2 \sqrt {y(x)}}+\frac {\sqrt {\left (x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)} \log \left (\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}}-x\right )}{\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}+\log \left (4 y(x)^{3/2}-x^2 y(x)\right )-\log \left (x^2 \left (-\sqrt {y(x)}\right )+\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {x^2 y(x)-4 y(x)^{3/2}}+4 y(x)\right )&=c_1,y(x)\right ] \\ \text {Solve}\left [\frac {\sqrt {\left (x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)} \log \left (\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}}-x\right )}{\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}+\frac {1}{4} \left (-\frac {2 \sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}{\sqrt {\left (x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)}}+4 \log \left (\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} y(x)\right )-4 \log \left (\sqrt {\left (x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)}-\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}\right )\right )&=c_1,y(x)\right ] \\ \text {Solve}\left [\frac {1}{4} \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}{\sqrt {\left (x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)}}+4 \log \left (\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} y(x)\right )-4 \log \left (\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}+\sqrt {\left (x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)}\right )\right )-\frac {\sqrt {\left (x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)} \log \left (\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}}-x\right )}{\sqrt {x^2+4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}&=c_1,y(x)\right ] \\ \text {Solve}\left [\frac {1}{4} \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {x^2 y(x)-4 y(x)^{3/2}}}{\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}+4 \log \left (4 y(x)^{3/2}-x^2 y(x)\right )-4 \log \left (x^2 \sqrt {y(x)}+\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {x^2 y(x)-4 y(x)^{3/2}}-4 y(x)\right )\right )-\frac {\sqrt {\left (x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}\right ) y(x)} \log \left (\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}}-x\right )}{\sqrt {x^2-4 \sqrt {y(x)}} \sqrt {y(x)}}&=c_1,y(x)\right ] \\ y(x)\to 0 \\ y(x)\to \frac {x^4}{16} \\ \end{align*}