Internal problem ID [14122]
Internal file name [OUTPUT/13803_Saturday_March_02_2024_02_50_46_PM_28801117/index.tex
]
Book: INTRODUCTORY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. Martha L. Abell, James P. Braselton.
Fourth edition 2014. ElScAe. 2014
Section: Chapter 1. Introduction to Differential Equations. Review exercises, page
23
Problem number: 23.
ODE order: 1.
ODE degree: 1.
The type(s) of ODE detected by this program : "quadrature"
Maple gives the following as the ode type
[_quadrature]
\[ \boxed {y^{\prime }=\cos \left (x \right )^{2} \sin \left (x \right )} \] With initial conditions \begin {align*} [y \left (0\right ) = 0] \end {align*}
This is a linear ODE. In canonical form it is written as \begin {align*} y^{\prime } + p(x)y &= q(x) \end {align*}
Where here \begin {align*} p(x) &=0\\ q(x) &=\cos \left (x \right )^{2} \sin \left (x \right ) \end {align*}
Hence the ode is \begin {align*} y^{\prime } = \cos \left (x \right )^{2} \sin \left (x \right ) \end {align*}
The domain of \(p(x)=0\) is \[
\{-\infty
Integrating both sides gives \begin {align*} y &= \int { \cos \left (x \right )^{2} \sin \left (x \right )\,\mathop {\mathrm {d}x}}\\ &= -\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+c_{1} \end {align*}
Initial conditions are used to solve for \(c_{1}\). Substituting \(x=0\) and \(y=0\) in the above solution gives an
equation to solve for the constant of integration. \begin {align*} 0 = c_{1} -\frac {1}{3} \end {align*}
The solutions are \begin {align*} c_{1} = {\frac {1}{3}} \end {align*}
Trying the constant \begin {align*} c_{1} = {\frac {1}{3}} \end {align*}
Substituting this in the general solution gives \begin {align*} y&=-\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+\frac {1}{3} \end {align*}
The constant \(c_{1} = {\frac {1}{3}}\) gives valid solution.
Summary
The solution(s) found are the following \begin{align*}
\tag{1} y &= -\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+\frac {1}{3} \\
\end{align*} Verification of solutions
\[
y = -\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+\frac {1}{3}
\] Verified OK. \[ \begin {array}{lll} & {} & \textrm {Let's solve}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & \left [y^{\prime }=\cos \left (x \right )^{2} \sin \left (x \right ), y \left (0\right )=0\right ] \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Highest derivative means the order of the ODE is}\hspace {3pt} 1 \\ {} & {} & y^{\prime } \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Integrate both sides with respect to}\hspace {3pt} x \\ {} & {} & \int y^{\prime }d x =\int \cos \left (x \right )^{2} \sin \left (x \right )d x +c_{1} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Evaluate integral}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & y=-\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+c_{1} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solve for}\hspace {3pt} y \\ {} & {} & y=-\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+c_{1} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Use initial condition}\hspace {3pt} y \left (0\right )=0 \\ {} & {} & 0=c_{1} -\frac {1}{3} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solve for}\hspace {3pt} c_{1} \\ {} & {} & c_{1} =\frac {1}{3} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Substitute}\hspace {3pt} c_{1} =\frac {1}{3}\hspace {3pt}\textrm {into general solution and simplify}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & y=-\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+\frac {1}{3} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solution to the IVP}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & y=-\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+\frac {1}{3} \end {array} \]
Maple trace
✓ Solution by Maple
Time used: 0.016 (sec). Leaf size: 12
\[
y \left (x \right ) = -\frac {\cos \left (x \right )^{3}}{3}+\frac {1}{3}
\]
✓ Solution by Mathematica
Time used: 0.006 (sec). Leaf size: 17
\[
y(x)\to \frac {1}{3} \left (1-\cos ^3(x)\right )
\]
2.18.2 Solving as quadrature ode
2.18.3 Maple step by step solution
`Methods for first order ODEs:
--- Trying classification methods ---
trying a quadrature
<- quadrature successful`
dsolve([diff(y(x),x)=cos(x)^2*sin(x),y(0) = 0],y(x), singsol=all)
DSolve[{y'[x]==Cos[x]^2*Sin[x],{y[0]==0}},y[x],x,IncludeSingularSolutions -> True]