Optimal. Leaf size=146 \[ \frac {3 b d}{2 (b+a c)^2 \sqrt {\frac {b+a c+a d x^2}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {c+d x^2}{2 (b+a c) x^2 \sqrt {\frac {b+a c+a d x^2}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {c} d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} \sqrt {\frac {b+a c+a d x^2}{c+d x^2}}}{\sqrt {b+a c}}\right )}{2 (b+a c)^{5/2}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.16, antiderivative size = 146, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 6, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 21, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.286, Rules used = {1985, 1981,
1980, 296, 331, 214} \begin {gather*} \frac {3 b d}{2 (a c+b)^2 \sqrt {\frac {a c+a d x^2+b}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {c+d x^2}{2 x^2 (a c+b) \sqrt {\frac {a c+a d x^2+b}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {c} d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} \sqrt {\frac {a c+a d x^2+b}{c+d x^2}}}{\sqrt {a c+b}}\right )}{2 (a c+b)^{5/2}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 214
Rule 296
Rule 331
Rule 1980
Rule 1981
Rule 1985
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^3 \left (a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}\right )^{3/2}} \, dx &=\frac {\sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )} \int \frac {\left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}}{x^3 \left (b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )\right )^{3/2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )} \int \frac {\left (c+d x^2\right )^{3/2}}{x^3 \left (b+a c+a d x^2\right )^{3/2}} \, dx}{\sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {(c+d x)^{3/2}}{x^2 (b+a c+a d x)^{3/2}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 \sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ &=-\frac {c+d x^2}{2 (b+a c) x^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}+\frac {\left (3 b d \sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {c+d x}}{x (b+a c+a d x)^{3/2}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 (b+a c) \sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ &=\frac {3 b d}{2 (b+a c)^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {c+d x^2}{2 (b+a c) x^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}+\frac {\left (3 b c d \sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {c+d x} \sqrt {b+a c+a d x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 (b+a c)^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ &=\frac {3 b d}{2 (b+a c)^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {c+d x^2}{2 (b+a c) x^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}+\frac {\left (3 b c d \sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-c-(-b-a c) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )}}\right )}{2 (b+a c)^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ &=\frac {3 b d}{2 (b+a c)^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {c+d x^2}{2 (b+a c) x^2 \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {c} d \sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b+a c} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {c} \sqrt {b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )}}\right )}{2 (b+a c)^{5/2} \sqrt {c+d x^2} \sqrt {a+\frac {b}{c+d x^2}}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.25, size = 148, normalized size = 1.01 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\left (c+d x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+a c+a d x^2}{c+d x^2}} \left (b \left (c-2 d x^2\right )+a c \left (c+d x^2\right )\right )}{2 (b+a c)^2 x^2 \left (b+a \left (c+d x^2\right )\right )}+\frac {3 b \sqrt {c} d \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} \sqrt {\frac {b+a c+a d x^2}{c+d x^2}}}{\sqrt {-b-a c}}\right )}{2 (-b-a c)^{5/2}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(1087\) vs.
\(2(129)=258\).
time = 0.11, size = 1088, normalized size = 7.45
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {c \left (a d \,x^{2}+a c +b \right )}{2 \left (a c +b \right )^{2} x^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a d \,x^{2}+a c +b}{d \,x^{2}+c}}}+\frac {\left (-\frac {3 b d c \ln \left (\frac {2 c^{2} a +2 b c +\left (2 a c d +b d \right ) x^{2}+2 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c +\left (2 a c d +b d \right ) x^{2}+a \,d^{2} x^{4}}}{x^{2}}\right )}{4 \left (a c +b \right )^{2} \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}}+\frac {b \,d^{2} x^{2}}{\left (a c +b \right )^{2} \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}}+\frac {b d c}{\left (a c +b \right )^{2} \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}}\right ) \sqrt {\left (d \,x^{2}+c \right ) \left (a d \,x^{2}+a c +b \right )}}{\sqrt {\frac {a d \,x^{2}+a c +b}{d \,x^{2}+c}}\, \left (d \,x^{2}+c \right )}\) | \(293\) |
default | \(-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {a d \,x^{2}+a c +b}{d \,x^{2}+c}}\, \left (d \,x^{2}+c \right ) \left (-2 \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a^{2} d^{3} x^{6}+3 \ln \left (\frac {2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+2 c^{2} a +2 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}+2 b c}{x^{2}}\right ) a^{2} b \,c^{2} d^{2} x^{4}-6 \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a^{2} c \,d^{2} x^{4}+3 \ln \left (\frac {2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+2 c^{2} a +2 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}+2 b c}{x^{2}}\right ) a \,b^{2} c \,d^{2} x^{4}-4 \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a b \,d^{2} x^{4}+3 \ln \left (\frac {2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+2 c^{2} a +2 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}+2 b c}{x^{2}}\right ) a^{2} b \,c^{3} d \,x^{2}-4 \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a^{2} c^{2} d \,x^{2}+6 \ln \left (\frac {2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+2 c^{2} a +2 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}+2 b c}{x^{2}}\right ) a \,b^{2} c^{2} d \,x^{2}+2 \left (a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a d \,x^{2}-6 \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a b c d \,x^{2}-4 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {\left (d \,x^{2}+c \right ) \left (a d \,x^{2}+a c +b \right )}\, a b c d \,x^{2}+3 \ln \left (\frac {2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+2 c^{2} a +2 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}+2 b c}{x^{2}}\right ) b^{3} c d \,x^{2}-2 \sqrt {a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, b^{2} d \,x^{2}-4 \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \sqrt {\left (d \,x^{2}+c \right ) \left (a d \,x^{2}+a c +b \right )}\, b^{2} d \,x^{2}+2 \left (a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, a c +2 \left (a \,d^{2} x^{4}+2 a c d \,x^{2}+b d \,x^{2}+c^{2} a +b c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, b \right )}{4 \sqrt {\left (d \,x^{2}+c \right ) \left (a d \,x^{2}+a c +b \right )}\, \left (a c +b \right )^{3} x^{2} \sqrt {c^{2} a +b c}\, \left (a d \,x^{2}+a c +b \right )}\) | \(1088\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.52, size = 247, normalized size = 1.69 \begin {gather*} \frac {3 \, b c d \log \left (\frac {c \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}} - \sqrt {{\left (a c + b\right )} c}}{c \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}} + \sqrt {{\left (a c + b\right )} c}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} c^{2} + 2 \, a b c + b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {{\left (a c + b\right )} c}} + \frac {\frac {3 \, {\left (a d x^{2} + a c + b\right )} b c d}{d x^{2} + c} - 2 \, {\left (a b c + b^{2}\right )} d}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a^{2} c^{3} + 2 \, a b c^{2} + b^{2} c\right )} \left (\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}} - {\left (a^{3} c^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b c^{2} + 3 \, a b^{2} c + b^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.48, size = 599, normalized size = 4.10 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {3 \, {\left (a b d^{2} x^{4} + {\left (a b c + b^{2}\right )} d x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {c}{a c + b}} \log \left (\frac {{\left (8 \, a^{2} c^{2} + 8 \, a b c + b^{2}\right )} d^{2} x^{4} + 8 \, a^{2} c^{4} + 16 \, a b c^{3} + 8 \, b^{2} c^{2} + 8 \, {\left (2 \, a^{2} c^{3} + 3 \, a b c^{2} + b^{2} c\right )} d x^{2} - 4 \, {\left ({\left (2 \, a^{2} c^{2} + 3 \, a b c + b^{2}\right )} d^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a^{2} c^{4} + 4 \, a b c^{3} + 2 \, b^{2} c^{2} + {\left (4 \, a^{2} c^{3} + 7 \, a b c^{2} + 3 \, b^{2} c\right )} d x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}} \sqrt {\frac {c}{a c + b}}}{x^{4}}\right ) - 4 \, {\left ({\left (a c - 2 \, b\right )} d^{2} x^{4} + a c^{3} + {\left (2 \, a c^{2} - b c\right )} d x^{2} + b c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}}}{8 \, {\left ({\left (a^{3} c^{2} + 2 \, a^{2} b c + a b^{2}\right )} d x^{4} + {\left (a^{3} c^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b c^{2} + 3 \, a b^{2} c + b^{3}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}, \frac {3 \, {\left (a b d^{2} x^{4} + {\left (a b c + b^{2}\right )} d x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {c}{a c + b}} \arctan \left (\frac {{\left ({\left (2 \, a c + b\right )} d x^{2} + 2 \, a c^{2} + 2 \, b c\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}} \sqrt {-\frac {c}{a c + b}}}{2 \, {\left (a c d x^{2} + a c^{2} + b c\right )}}\right ) - 2 \, {\left ({\left (a c - 2 \, b\right )} d^{2} x^{4} + a c^{3} + {\left (2 \, a c^{2} - b c\right )} d x^{2} + b c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a d x^{2} + a c + b}{d x^{2} + c}}}{4 \, {\left ({\left (a^{3} c^{2} + 2 \, a^{2} b c + a b^{2}\right )} d x^{4} + {\left (a^{3} c^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b c^{2} + 3 \, a b^{2} c + b^{3}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^{3} \left (\frac {a c + a d x^{2} + b}{c + d x^{2}}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^3\,{\left (a+\frac {b}{d\,x^2+c}\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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