Integrand size = 9, antiderivative size = 202 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )}-\frac {3 \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}} \]
[Out]
Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 202, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.778, Rules used = {205, 217, 1179, 642, 1176, 631, 210} \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=-\frac {3 \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}+1\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {3 \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )} \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 205
Rule 210
Rule 217
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )}+\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{a+c x^4} \, dx}{4 a} \\ & = \frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )}+\frac {3 \int \frac {\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {c} x^2}{a+c x^4} \, dx}{8 a^{3/2}}+\frac {3 \int \frac {\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2}{a+c x^4} \, dx}{8 a^{3/2}} \\ & = \frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )}+\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+x^2} \, dx}{16 a^{3/2} \sqrt {c}}+\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+x^2} \, dx}{16 a^{3/2} \sqrt {c}}-\frac {3 \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-x^2} \, dx}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {3 \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt {a}}{\sqrt {c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} x}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-x^2} \, dx}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}} \\ & = \frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )}-\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {3 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}} \\ & = \frac {x}{4 a \left (a+c x^4\right )}-\frac {3 \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{7/4} \sqrt [4]{c}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 183, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.91 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {\frac {8 a^{3/4} x}{a+c x^4}-\frac {6 \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {6 \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {3 \sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} x+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}{\sqrt [4]{c}}}{32 a^{7/4}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.76 (sec) , antiderivative size = 46, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.23
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x}{4 a \left (c \,x^{4}+a \right )}+\frac {3 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}\right )}{16 a c}\) | \(46\) |
default | \(\frac {x}{4 a \left (c \,x^{4}+a \right )}+\frac {3 \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\, \left (\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{c}}}{x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} x \sqrt {2}+\sqrt {\frac {a}{c}}}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}+1\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, x}{\left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}-1\right )\right )}{32 a^{2}}\) | \(118\) |
[In]
[Out]
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 183, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.91 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {3 \, {\left (a c x^{4} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (a^{2} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) - 3 \, {\left (-i \, a c x^{4} - i \, a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (i \, a^{2} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) - 3 \, {\left (i \, a c x^{4} + i \, a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-i \, a^{2} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) - 3 \, {\left (a c x^{4} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (-a^{2} \left (-\frac {1}{a^{7} c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x\right ) + 4 \, x}{16 \, {\left (a c x^{4} + a^{2}\right )}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.19 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{4 a^{2} + 4 a c x^{4}} + \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (65536 t^{4} a^{7} c + 81, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (\frac {16 t a^{2}}{3} + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 189, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{4 \, {\left (a c x^{4} + a^{2}\right )}} + \frac {3 \, {\left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {c} x + \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} c^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}} + \frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, \sqrt {c} x - \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} c^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {c} x^{2} + \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} c^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {a}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} c^{\frac {1}{4}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {c} x^{2} - \sqrt {2} a^{\frac {1}{4}} c^{\frac {1}{4}} x + \sqrt {a}\right )}{a^{\frac {3}{4}} c^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}}{32 \, a} \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 194, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{4 \, {\left (c x^{4} + a\right )} a} + \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} \left (a c^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x + \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{16 \, a^{2} c} + \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} \left (a c^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (2 \, x - \sqrt {2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}}{2 \, \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}{16 \, a^{2} c} + \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} \left (a c^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {2} x \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {\frac {a}{c}}\right )}{32 \, a^{2} c} - \frac {3 \, \sqrt {2} \left (a c^{3}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {2} x \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {\frac {a}{c}}\right )}{32 \, a^{2} c} \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 58, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.29 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (a+c x^4\right )^2} \, dx=\frac {x}{4\,a\,\left (c\,x^4+a\right )}+\frac {3\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {c^{1/4}\,x}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{8\,{\left (-a\right )}^{7/4}\,c^{1/4}}+\frac {3\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {c^{1/4}\,x}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/4}}\right )}{8\,{\left (-a\right )}^{7/4}\,c^{1/4}} \]
[In]
[Out]