Integrand size = 25, antiderivative size = 79 \[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {-1+x^6}}{3 x^3}+\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}}+\frac {x^6}{\sqrt {6}}+\frac {x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{\sqrt {6}}\right )+\frac {1}{3} \log \left (x^3+\sqrt {-1+x^6}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 65, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.82, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.240, Rules used = {589, 594, 537, 223, 212, 385} \[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\frac {1}{3} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {x^6-1}}\right )-\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {3}{2}} x^3}{\sqrt {x^6-1}}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {x^6-1}}{3 x^3} \]
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Rule 212
Rule 223
Rule 385
Rule 537
Rule 589
Rule 594
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\left (-2+x^2\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^2}}{x^2 \left (2+x^2\right )} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^6}}{3 x^3}+\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-8+2 x^2}{\sqrt {-1+x^2} \left (2+x^2\right )} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^6}}{3 x^3}+\frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-1+x^2}} \, dx,x,x^3\right )-2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-1+x^2} \left (2+x^2\right )} \, dx,x,x^3\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^6}}{3 x^3}+\frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}}\right )-2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{2-3 x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {\sqrt {-1+x^6}}{3 x^3}+\frac {1}{3} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {x^3}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}}\right )-\sqrt {\frac {2}{3}} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {3}{2}} x^3}{\sqrt {-1+x^6}}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 63, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.80 \[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\frac {1}{3} \left (\frac {\sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^3}+\sqrt {6} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {2+x^6+x^3 \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{\sqrt {6}}\right )+\log \left (x^3+\sqrt {-1+x^6}\right )\right ) \]
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Time = 2.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 54, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.68
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-\sqrt {6}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {6}\, x^{3}}{2 \sqrt {x^{6}-1}}\right ) x^{3}+\ln \left (x^{3}+\sqrt {x^{6}-1}\right ) x^{3}+\sqrt {x^{6}-1}}{3 x^{3}}\) | \(54\) |
trager | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{6}-1}}{3 x^{3}}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{3}+\sqrt {x^{6}-1}\right )}{3}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-6\right ) \ln \left (\frac {5 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-6\right ) x^{6}+12 x^{3} \sqrt {x^{6}-1}-2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-6\right )}{x^{6}+2}\right )}{6}\) | \(77\) |
risch | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{6}-1}}{3 x^{3}}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{3}+\sqrt {x^{6}-1}\right )}{3}-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-6\right ) \ln \left (\frac {5 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-6\right ) x^{6}+12 x^{3} \sqrt {x^{6}-1}-2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{2}-6\right )}{x^{6}+2}\right )}{6}\) | \(77\) |
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Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 106, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.34 \[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} x^{3} \log \left (\frac {25 \, x^{6} - 2 \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} {\left (5 \, x^{6} - 2\right )} - 2 \, \sqrt {x^{6} - 1} {\left (5 \, \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} x^{3} - 12 \, x^{3}\right )} - 10}{x^{6} + 2}\right ) - 2 \, x^{3} \log \left (-x^{3} + \sqrt {x^{6} - 1}\right ) + 2 \, x^{3} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{6} - 1}}{6 \, x^{3}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {\left (x - 1\right ) \left (x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )} \left (x^{6} - 2\right )}{x^{4} \left (x^{6} + 2\right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {x^{6} - 1} {\left (x^{6} - 2\right )}}{{\left (x^{6} + 2\right )} x^{4}} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.23 \[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {6} \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {6} - 2 \, \sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1}}{\sqrt {6} + 2 \, \sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1}}\right )}{6 \, \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right )} + \frac {\log \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1} + 1\right )}{6 \, \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right )} - \frac {\log \left (-\sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1} + 1\right )}{6 \, \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right )} + \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{x^{6}} + 1}}{3 \, \mathrm {sgn}\left (x\right )} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\left (-2+x^6\right ) \sqrt {-1+x^6}}{x^4 \left (2+x^6\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {x^6-1}\,\left (x^6-2\right )}{x^4\,\left (x^6+2\right )} \,d x \]
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