Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 103 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (-3+2 x^3\right )}{6 x^2}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{9} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right )+\frac {1}{18} \log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}+\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 79, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.77, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.167, Rules used = {464, 201, 245} \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{x^3-1}}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{6} x \left (x^3-1\right )^{2/3}-\frac {1}{6} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{x^3-1}-x\right )+\frac {\left (x^3-1\right )^{5/3}}{2 x^2} \]
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Rule 201
Rule 245
Rule 464
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{2 x^2}-\frac {1}{2} \int \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {1}{6} x \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}+\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{2 x^2}+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}} \, dx \\ & = -\frac {1}{6} x \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}+\frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{5/3}}{2 x^2}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{6} \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=\frac {1}{18} \left (\frac {3 \left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (-3+2 x^3\right )}{x^2}+2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{x+2 \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}}\right )-2 \log \left (-x+\sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}\right )+\log \left (x^2+x \sqrt [3]{-1+x^3}+\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3}\right )\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 1.54 (sec) , antiderivative size = 56, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.54
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {2 x^{6}-5 x^{3}+3}{6 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}+\frac {{\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [\frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{3 \operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\) | \(56\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [-\frac {2}{3}, \frac {1}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {4}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{{\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}-\frac {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \operatorname {hypergeom}\left (\left [-\frac {2}{3}, -\frac {2}{3}\right ], \left [\frac {1}{3}\right ], x^{3}\right )}{2 {\left (-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{2}}\) | \(63\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {6 x^{3} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x +2 \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 x}\right ) x^{2}-2 \ln \left (\frac {-x +\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x}\right ) x^{2}+\ln \left (\frac {x^{2}+x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}+\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}}\right ) x^{2}-9 \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}{18 \left (\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}+x \left (x +\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )\right ) x^{2} \left (x -\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}\) | \(140\) |
trager | \(\frac {\left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \left (2 x^{3}-3\right )}{6 x^{2}}+\frac {4 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \ln \left (182271728 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}+775851456 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x +775851456 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}+730283524 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}-1508552373 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-1508552373 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1497160390 x^{3}-1458173824 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}+1858712316 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+476369215\right )}{9}+\frac {\ln \left (182271728 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}-775851456 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x -775851456 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}-821419388 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}-1314589509 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-1314589509 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1303197526 x^{3}-1458173824 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-1129625404 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+849911430\right )}{9}-\frac {4 \ln \left (182271728 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2} x^{3}-775851456 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x -775851456 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2}-821419388 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right ) x^{3}-1314589509 x \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}-1314589509 x^{2} \left (x^{3}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}-1303197526 x^{3}-1458173824 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )^{2}-1129625404 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )+849911430\right ) \operatorname {RootOf}\left (16 \textit {\_Z}^{2}-4 \textit {\_Z} +1\right )}{9}\) | \(457\) |
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Time = 0.51 (sec) , antiderivative size = 112, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {25382 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2} - 13720 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x + \sqrt {3} {\left (5831 \, x^{3} - 7200\right )}}{58653 \, x^{3} - 8000}\right ) - x^{2} \log \left (-3 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}} x^{2} + 3 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}} x + 1\right ) + 3 \, {\left (2 \, x^{3} - 3\right )} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{18 \, x^{2}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 1.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 70, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.68 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=- \frac {x e^{- \frac {i \pi }{3}} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, \frac {1}{3} \\ \frac {4}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3}} \right )}}{3 \Gamma \left (\frac {4}{3}\right )} + \frac {e^{\frac {2 i \pi }{3}} \Gamma \left (- \frac {2}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {2}{3}, - \frac {2}{3} \\ \frac {1}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3}} \right )}}{3 x^{2} \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{3}\right )} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 106, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.03 \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=-\frac {1}{9} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (\frac {2 \, {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{2 \, x^{2}} - \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{3 \, x^{2} {\left (\frac {x^{3} - 1}{x^{3}} - 1\right )}} + \frac {1}{18} \, \log \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} + \frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{2}} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{9} \, \log \left (\frac {{\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{3}}}{x} - 1\right ) \]
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\[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=\int { \frac {{\left (x^{3} + 1\right )} {\left (x^{3} - 1\right )}^{\frac {2}{3}}}{x^{3}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\left (-1+x^3\right )^{2/3} \left (1+x^3\right )}{x^3} \, dx=\int \frac {{\left (x^3-1\right )}^{2/3}\,\left (x^3+1\right )}{x^3} \,d x \]
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