Integrand size = 8, antiderivative size = 366 \[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=e^x+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}-2 e^x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}-2 e^x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.18 (sec) , antiderivative size = 366, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 21, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.000, Rules used = {2320, 396, 219, 1183, 648, 632, 210, 642} \[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}-2 e^x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}-2 e^x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 e^x+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 e^x+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}}+e^x+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}+1\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}+1\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}+1\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}+1\right ) \]
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Rule 210
Rule 219
Rule 396
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1183
Rule 2320
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-1+x^8}{1+x^8} \, dx,x,e^x\right ) \\ & = e^x-2 \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^8} \, dx,x,e^x\right ) \\ & = e^x-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}-x^2}{1-\sqrt {2} x^2+x^4} \, dx,x,e^x\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}+x^2}{1+\sqrt {2} x^2+x^4} \, dx,x,e^x\right )}{\sqrt {2}} \\ & = e^x-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}-\left (-1+\sqrt {2}\right ) x}{1-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}+\left (-1+\sqrt {2}\right ) x}{1+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2-\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}-\left (1+\sqrt {2}\right ) x}{1-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}+\left (1+\sqrt {2}\right ) x}{1+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )}{2 \sqrt {2 \left (2+\sqrt {2}\right )}} \\ & = e^x-\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3-2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )-\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3-2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+2 x}{1-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+2 x}{1+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+2 x}{1-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+2 x}{1+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )-\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right )-\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} x+x^2} \, dx,x,e^x\right ) \\ & = e^x+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3-2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2+\sqrt {2}-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x\right )+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3-2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2+\sqrt {2}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x\right )+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2-\sqrt {2}-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x\right )+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+2 \sqrt {2}\right )} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2-\sqrt {2}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x\right ) \\ & = e^x+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}-2 e^x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}\right )+\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}-2 e^x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}}+2 e^x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )+\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1-\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right )-\frac {1}{8} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \log \left (1+\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} e^x+e^{2 x}\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 3 in optimal.
Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 24, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.07 \[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=e^x-2 e^x \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (\frac {1}{8},1,\frac {9}{8},-e^{8 x}\right ) \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 0.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 24, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.07
method | result | size |
risch | \({\mathrm e}^{x}+\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (65536 \textit {\_Z}^{8}+1\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{x}-4 \textit {\_R} \right )\right )\) | \(24\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 171, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.47 \[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=-\left (\frac {1}{8} i + \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{8} i - \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) - \left (\frac {1}{8} i - \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{8} i + \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \cosh \left (x\right ) + 2 \, \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \cosh \left (x\right ) + \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) - \frac {1}{4} i \, \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (i \, \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \cosh \left (x\right ) + \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) + \frac {1}{4} i \, \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-i \, \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \cosh \left (x\right ) + \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \cosh \left (x\right ) + \sinh \left (x\right )\right ) + \cosh \left (x\right ) + \sinh \left (x\right ) \]
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\[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=\int e^{x} \tanh {\left (4 x \right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=\int { e^{x} \tanh \left (4 \, x\right ) \,d x } \]
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none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 251, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.69 \[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx=-\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} + 2 \, e^{x}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2}}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} - 2 \, e^{x}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2}}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} + 2 \, e^{x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2}}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} - 2 \, e^{x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2}}\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} e^{x} + e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (-\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} e^{x} + e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} e^{x} + e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \log \left (-\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} e^{x} + e^{\left (2 \, x\right )} + 1\right ) + e^{x} \]
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Time = 4.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 457, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.25 \[ \int e^x \tanh (4 x) \, dx={\mathrm {e}}^x-\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x+\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )+\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x+\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}-\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (-\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )+\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x-\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )-\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}+\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,\left (-\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )+\sqrt {2}\,\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x+\sqrt {2}\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (-4-4{}\mathrm {i}\right )\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )+\sqrt {2}\,\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x+\sqrt {2}\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (-4+4{}\mathrm {i}\right )\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )+\sqrt {2}\,\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x+\sqrt {2}\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (4-4{}\mathrm {i}\right )\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )+\sqrt {2}\,\ln \left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^x+\sqrt {2}\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (4+4{}\mathrm {i}\right )\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2}+2}}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{8}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right ) \]
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