Internal
problem
ID
[7699] Book
:
Own
collection
of
miscellaneous
problems Section
:
section
1.0 Problem
number
:
7 Date
solved
:
Monday, October 21, 2024 at 03:57:24 PM CAS
classification
:
[_quadrature]
Solve
\begin{align*} y^{\prime }&=x \end{align*}
1.7.1 Solved as first order quadrature ode
Time used: 0.036 (sec)
Since the ode has the form \(y^{\prime }=f(x)\), then we only need to integrate \(f(x)\).
We assume there exists a function \(\phi \left ( x,y\right ) =c\) where \(c\) is constant, that
satisfies the ode. Taking derivative of \(\phi \) w.r.t. \(x\) gives
But since \(\frac {\partial ^{2}\phi }{\partial x\partial y}=\frac {\partial ^{2}\phi }{\partial y\partial x}\) then for the above to be valid, we require that
If the above condition is satisfied,
then the original ode is called exact. We still need to determine \(\phi \left ( x,y\right ) \) but at least we know
now that we can do that since the condition \(\frac {\partial ^{2}\phi }{\partial x\partial y}=\frac {\partial ^{2}\phi }{\partial y\partial x}\) is satisfied. If this condition is not
satisfied then this method will not work and we have to now look for an integrating
factor to force this condition, which might or might not exist. The first step is
to write the ODE in standard form to check for exactness, which is
Since \(\frac {\partial M}{\partial y}= \frac {\partial N}{\partial x}\), then the ODE is exact The following equations are now set up to solve for the
function \(\phi \left (x,y\right )\)
Where \(f(y)\) is used for the constant of integration since \(\phi \) is a function
of both \(x\) and \(y\). Taking derivative of equation (3) w.r.t \(y\) gives
Where \(c_1\) is constant of integration. Substituting result found above for \(f(y)\) into equation
(3) gives \(\phi \)
\[
\phi = -\frac {x^{2}}{2}+y+ c_1
\]
But since \(\phi \) itself is a constant function, then let \(\phi =c_2\) where \(c_2\) is new constant and
combining \(c_1\) and \(c_2\) constants into the constant \(c_1\) gives the solution as
\[
c_1 = -\frac {x^{2}}{2}+y
\]
Solving for \(y\) from the
above solution(s) gives (after possible removing of solutions that do not verify)
\begin{align*} y = \frac {x^{2}}{2}+c_1 \end{align*}
1.7.3 Maple step by step solution
\[ \begin {array}{lll} & {} & \textrm {Let's solve}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & y^{\prime }=x \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Highest derivative means the order of the ODE is}\hspace {3pt} 1 \\ {} & {} & y^{\prime } \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Integrate both sides with respect to}\hspace {3pt} x \\ {} & {} & \int y^{\prime }d x =\int x d x +\mathit {C1} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Evaluate integral}\hspace {3pt} \\ {} & {} & y=\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\mathit {C1} \\ \bullet & {} & \textrm {Solve for}\hspace {3pt} y \\ {} & {} & y=\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\mathit {C1} \end {array} \]