[[_2nd_order, _with_linear_symmetries], [_2nd_order, _linear, `_with_symmetry_[0,F(x)]`]]
Book solution method
TO DO
Mathematica ✓
cpu = 0.0837096 (sec), leaf count = 74
Maple ✓
cpu = 0.054 (sec), leaf count = 216
DSolve[a*k*x^(-1 + k)*y[x] + a*x^k*y'[x] + y''[x] == 0,y[x],x]
Mathematica raw output
{{y[x] -> (C[2] - (x*C[1]*Gamma[(1 + k)^(-1), -((a*x^(1 + k))/(1 + k))])/((1 + k
)*(-((a*x^(1 + k))/(1 + k)))^(1 + k)^(-1)))/E^((a*x^(1 + k))/(1 + k))}}
Maple raw input
dsolve(diff(diff(y(x),x),x)+a*x^k*diff(y(x),x)+a*k*x^(k-1)*y(x) = 0, y(x),'implicit')
Maple raw output
y(x) = (-(-x^(k+1)/(k+1)*a)^((-2-k)/(2*k+2))*_C1*x^(-k)*exp(a*x^(k+1)/(2*k+2))*(
k+2)^2*WhittakerM((k+2)/(2*k+2),(2*k+3)/(2*k+2),-x^(k+1)/(k+1)*a)+(-x^(k+1)/(k+1
)*a)^((-2-k)/(2*k+2))*_C1*x^(-k)*exp(a*x^(k+1)/(2*k+2))*(k+1)*(a*x^(k+1)-k-2)*Wh
ittakerM(-k/(2*k+2),(2*k+3)/(2*k+2),-x^(k+1)/(k+1)*a)+_C2)/exp(x^(k+1)/(k+1)*a)